is_offer: bool | None = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

        if (indexName == null) {
            final String name = ComponentUtil.getFessConfig().getIndexUserIndex();
            indexName = super.asEsIndex().replaceFirst(Pattern.quote("fess_user"), name);
        }
        return indexName;
    }

    @Override
    protected <RESULT extends Group> RESULT createEntity(final Map<String, Object> source, final Class<? extends RESULT> entityType) {
        try {

    // Using a try/catch seems lazy, but the catch block will rarely get invoked (except for
    // durations longer than approximately +/- 292 years).
    try {
      return duration.toNanos();
    } catch (ArithmeticException tooBig) {
      return duration.isNegative() ? Long.MIN_VALUE : Long.MAX_VALUE;
    }
  }

  private Internal() {}

      Executor executor) {
    return AbstractCatchingFuture.create(input, exceptionType, fallback, executor);
  }

  public static <V extends @Nullable Object> ListenableFuture<V> catchingAsync(
      ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
      Class<Throwable> exceptionType,
      AsyncFunction<? super Throwable, ? extends V> fallback,
      Executor executor) {

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
public class AllocInfoTest {

    @Mock
    AllocInfo mockAllocInfo;

    /**
     * Happy path – verifies that getters return the values supplied by the
     * implementation.
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("verify getters return stubbed values")
    void testGettersHappyPath() {
        when(mockAllocInfo.getCapacity()).thenReturn(1000L);
        when(mockAllocInfo.getFree()).thenReturn(400L);

  public static Method getSpliteratorNotImmutableCollectionAllowsAddMethod() {
    return Helpers.getMethod(
        CollectionSpliteratorTester.class, "testSpliteratorNotImmutable_collectionAllowsAdd");
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection
  public static Method getSpliteratorNotImmutableCollectionAllowsRemoveMethod() {
    return Helpers.getMethod(

# Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc.

There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return them directly from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,

from fastapi import FastAPI, status

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/items/", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
async def create_item(name: str):

    private final int i;

    MyInt(int i) {
      this.i = i;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return i;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
      return o instanceof MyInt && ((MyInt) o).i == i;
    }
  }

  public void testAsFunction_simplistic() {
    String canonical = "a";
    String not = new String("a");

          }
        }

        private fun factor(n: Int): String {
          for (i in 2 until n) {
            val x = n / i
            if (x * i == n) return "${factor(x)} × $i"
          }
          return n.toString()
        }
      }

    val request =
      Request(
        url = "https://api.github.com/markdown/raw".toHttpUrl(),
        body = requestBody,
      )