final String json = coordinatorHelper.toJson(map);
        assertNotNull(json);
        assertTrue(json.contains("\"type\":\"heartbeat\""));
        assertTrue(json.contains("\"instanceId\":\"test-instance\""));
        assertTrue(json.contains("\"createdTime\":1000"));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_toJson_emptyMap() {
        final String json = coordinatorHelper.toJson(Map.of());

    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)
def test_optional_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    client.cookies.set("p", "hello")
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": "hello"}

For example, this model above declares a JSON "`object`" (or Python `dict`) like:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

...as `description` and `tax` are optional (with a default value of `None`), this JSON "`object`" would also be valid:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "price": 45.2
}
```

        assertNotNull(content);
        assertTrue(content.length() > 0);
        assertTrue(content.contains("number_of_shards"));
    }

    @Test(expected = IOException.class)
    public void testLoadJsonResource_nonExistingResource() throws IOException {
        SettingsResourceLoader.loadJsonResource("non_existing_resource.json");
    }

    @Test

    assert "content-length" not in response.headers
    assert response.content == b""


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
            "paths": {
                "/a": {

def test_return_defaults():
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.json() == {"sub": {}}


def test_return_exclude_unset():
    response = client.get("/exclude_unset")
    assert response.json() == {"x": None, "y": "y"}


def test_return_exclude_defaults():
    response = client.get("/exclude_defaults")
    assert response.json() == {}


def test_return_exclude_none():

):
    pass  # pragma: no cover


client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
            "paths": {
                "/products": {

	XMLName                 xml.Name                `xml:"Rule" json:"Rule"`
	ID                      string                  `xml:"ID,omitempty" json:"ID,omitempty"`
	Status                  Status                  `xml:"Status" json:"Status"`
	Priority                int                     `xml:"Priority" json:"Priority"`
	DeleteMarkerReplication DeleteMarkerReplication `xml:"DeleteMarkerReplication" json:"DeleteMarkerReplication"`

            against THE LATEST VERSION WHICH IS RELEASED FROM RELEASE BRANCH (from `released-version.json` on this branch)
            AND LOWER THAN CURRENT BASE VERSION (from `version.txt` on this branch).

	return ARN{TargetID: tid, region: region}
}

// MarshalJSON - encodes to JSON data.
func (tid TargetID) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	return json.Marshal(tid.String())
}

// UnmarshalJSON - decodes JSON data.
func (tid *TargetID) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	var s string
	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	targetID, err := parseTargetID(s)