</div>

Это означает, что у него **всегда будет какое‑то значение**, просто иногда это значение может быть `None` (или `null` в JSON).

Следовательно, клиентам, использующим ваш API, не нужно проверять наличие этого значения: они могут **исходить из того, что поле всегда присутствует**, а в некоторых случаях имеет значение по умолчанию `None`.

В OpenAPI это описывается тем, что поле помечается как **обязательное**, поскольку оно всегда присутствует.

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">

## 응답 모델 인코딩 매개변수

응답 모델은 아래와 같이 기본값을 가질 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py hl[11,13:14] *}

* `description: Optional[str] = None`은 기본값으로 `None`을 갖습니다.
* `tax: float = 10.5`는 기본값으로 `10.5`를 갖습니다.
* `tags: List[str] = []` 빈 리스트의 기본값으로: `[]`.

그러나 실제로 저장되지 않았을 경우 결과에서 값을 생략하고 싶을 수 있습니다.

                {"name": "Holy Buddies", "description": None},
            ],
        },
        {
            "name": "System of an Up",
            "items": [
                {
                    "name": "Salt",
                    "description": "The kombucha mushroom people's favorite",
                },
                {"name": "Pad Thai", "description": None},
                {
                    "name": "Lonely Night",

            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    init_oauth: Annotated[
        Optional[dict[str, Any]],
        Doc(
            """
            A dictionary with Swagger UI OAuth2 initialization configurations.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[
        Optional[dict[str, Any]],
        Doc(
            """

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "Wrestlers", "size": None}


def test_create(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/red", json={"name": "Chillies"})
    assert response.status_code == 201, response.text

(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n  .btn {\n    transition: none;\n  }\n}\n\n.btn:hover {\n  color: #212529;\n  text-decoration: none;\n}\n\n.btn:focus, .btn.focus {\n  outline: 0;\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n\n.btn.disabled, .btn:disabled {\n  opacity: 0.65;\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n\n.btn:not(:disabled):not(.disabled) {\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n\n.btn:not(:disabled):not(.disabled):active, .btn:not(:disabled):not(.disabled).active {\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n\na.btn.disabled,\nfieldset:disabled a.btn {\n  pointer-events:...

    maxIdleConnections: Int = 5,
    keepAliveDuration: Long = 5,
    timeUnit: TimeUnit = TimeUnit.MINUTES,
    taskRunner: TaskRunner = TaskRunner.INSTANCE,
    connectionListener: ConnectionListener = ConnectionListener.NONE,
  ) : this(
    RealConnectionPool(
      taskRunner = taskRunner,
      maxIdleConnections = maxIdleConnections,
      keepAliveDuration = keepAliveDuration,
      timeUnit = timeUnit,

from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response
from starlette.status import WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION


async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response:
    headers = getattr(exc, "headers", None)
    if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(exc.status_code):
        return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers)
    return JSONResponse(

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
    get_redoc_html,
    get_swagger_ui_html,
    get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
)
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles

app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)

app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")


@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False)
async def custom_swagger_ui_html():
    return get_swagger_ui_html(

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine

engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg://postgres:postgres@localhost/db")


class User(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str


app = FastAPI()


def get_session():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        yield session