)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {
            "name": "Foo",
            "description": None,
            "price": 35.4,
            "tax": None,
            "tags": [],
        },
    }


def test_put_empty_body(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={},
    )

`PUT`은 기존 데이터를 **대체**해야 하는 데이터를 받는 데 사용합니다.

### 대체 시 주의사항 { #warning-about-replacing }

즉, `PUT`으로 항목 `bar`를 업데이트하면서 다음과 같은 body를 보낸다면:

```Python
{
    "name": "Barz",
    "price": 3,
    "description": None,
}
```

이미 저장된 속성 `"tax": 20.2`가 포함되어 있지 않기 때문에, 입력 모델은 `"tax": 10.5`라는 기본값을 사용하게 됩니다.

그리고 데이터는 그 “새로운” `tax` 값 `10.5`로 저장됩니다.

## `PATCH`로 부분 업데이트하기 { #partial-updates-with-patch }

* パラメータが **Pydanticモデル** の型として宣言されている場合、リクエスト **body** として解釈されます。

/// note | 備考

FastAPIは、デフォルト値 `= None` があるため、`q` の値が必須ではないことを認識します。

`str | None` は、値が必須ではないことを判断するためにFastAPIでは使用されません。`= None` というデフォルト値があるため、必須ではないことを認識します。

しかし、型アノテーションを追加すると、エディタがより良いサポートを提供し、エラーを検出できるようになります。

///

## Pydanticを使わない方法 { #without-pydantic }

這種情況下，你可以設定 `response_model=None` 來停用回應模型的產生：

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py hl[7] *}

這會讓 FastAPI 略過回應模型的產生，如此你就能使用任何你需要的回傳型別註解，而不會影響你的 FastAPI 應用程式。🤓

## 回應模型編碼參數 { #response-model-encoding-parameters }

你的回應模型可能有預設值，例如：

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None`（或在 Python 3.10 中的 `str | None = None`）預設為 `None`。

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
    """
    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
    names.

    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
    """
    for route in app.routes:

     *
     * @param namePrefix the prefix that JAR file names should start with
     * @return an array of File objects representing matching JAR files, or empty array if none found
     */
    public static File[] getJarFiles(final String namePrefix) {
        final ServletContext context = LaServletContextUtil.getServletContext();
        if (context == null) {
            return new File[0];

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile


def test_list_bytes_file_preserves_order(
    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
    app = FastAPI()

    @app.post("/upload")
    async def upload(files: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):
        # return something that makes order obvious
        return [b[0] for b in files]

        final String jwtClaim = "{" + "\"iss\":\"https://issuer.example.com\"," + "\"sub\":\"******@****.***\","
                + "\"aud\":\"client-123\"," + "\"exp\":1700000000," + "\"iat\":1699999900," + "\"nonce\":\"abc123\","
                + "\"at_hash\":\"hashvalue\"," + "\"c_hash\":\"codehash\"" + "}";
        final Map<String, Object> attributes = new HashMap<>();

        authenticator.parseJwtClaim(jwtClaim, attributes);

De la même façon, vous pouvez déclarer des paramètres de requête optionnels, en définissant leur valeur par défaut à `None` :

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

Dans ce cas, le paramètre de fonction `q` sera optionnel et vaudra `None` par défaut.

/// check | Vérifications

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url=None)


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return {"id": "foo"}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_swagger_ui():
    response = client.get("/docs")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/html; charset=utf-8"