import warnings
from enum import Enum
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union

from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
from typing_extensions import Annotated, deprecated

from ._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, PYDANTIC_VERSION, Undefined

_Unset: Any = Undefined


class ParamTypes(Enum):
    query = "query"
    header = "header"
    path = "path"

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

Lưu ý rằng, điều này có nghĩa rằng "`one_person`" là một **thực thể** của lớp `Person`.

Nó không có nghĩa "`one_person`" là một **lớp** gọi là `Person`.

## Pydantic models

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> là một thư viện Python để validate dữ liệu hiệu năng cao.

///

/// tip | "Tipp"

Juste du **Python** standard.

Par exemple, pour un `int`:

```Python
item_id: int
```

ou pour un modèle `Item` plus complexe :

```Python
item: Item
```

... et avec cette déclaration unique, vous obtenez :

* Une assistance dans votre IDE, notamment :
    * la complétion.

"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<model xmlns="http://codehaus-plexus.github.io/MODELLO/2.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://codehaus-plexus.github.io/MODELLO/2.0.0 https://codehaus-plexus.github.io/modello/xsd/modello-2.0.0.xsd"

import org.apache.maven.internal.impl.resolver.MavenSessionBuilderSupplier;
import org.apache.maven.internal.xml.XmlNodeImpl;
import org.apache.maven.internal.xml.XmlPlexusConfiguration;
import org.apache.maven.model.ModelBase;
import org.apache.maven.resolver.RepositorySystemSessionFactory;
import org.apache.maven.rtinfo.RuntimeInformation;
import org.apache.maven.settings.Mirror;
import org.apache.maven.settings.Proxy;

	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	var result struct {
		Something string
		User
	}

	DB.Model(User{}).Preload("Account", clause.Eq{Column: "number", Value: user.Account.Number}).Select(
		"users.*, 'yo' as something").First(&result, "name = ?", user.Name)

	CheckUser(t, user, result.User)
}

### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError`

/// warning | "警告"

如果您觉得现在还用不到以下技术细节，可以先跳过下面的内容。

///

`RequestValidationError` 是 Pydantic 的 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#error-handling" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ValidationError`</a> 的子类。

**FastAPI** 调用的就是 `RequestValidationError` 类，因此，如果在 `response_model` 中使用 Pydantic 模型，且数据有错误时，在日志中就会看到这个错误。

### Memory per Process

Now, when the program loads things in memory, for example, a machine learning model in a variable, or the contents of a large file in a variable, all that **consumes a bit of the memory (RAM)** of the server.

    full_name = user_dict["full_name"],
    disabled = user_dict["disabled"],
    hashed_password = user_dict["hashed_password"],
)
```

/// info | "说明"

`user_dict` 的说明，详见[**更多模型**一章](../extra-models.md#user_indict){.internal-link target=_blank}。

///

## 返回 Token

`token` 端点的响应必须是 JSON 对象。

响应返回的内容应该包含 `token_type`。本例中用的是**Bearer**Token，因此， Token 类型应为**`bearer`**。