* The {@code IdnDnsResolver} class implements the {@code DnsResolver} interface
 * to provide DNS resolution with support for Internationalized Domain Names (IDN).
 * It converts Unicode domain names to ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) using the
 * {@link java.net.IDN} class.
 *
 * <p>This class allows setting a custom flag for the IDN conversion and a custom
 * encoding for URL decoding.</p>
 *
 * <p>Example usage:</p>
 * <pre>
 * {@code

    if (b1 < 0) {
      throw new EOFException();
    }

    return b1;
  }

  /**
   * Reads an unsigned {@code short} as specified by {@link DataInputStream#readUnsignedShort()},
   * except using little-endian byte order.
   *
   * @return the next two bytes of the input stream, interpreted as an unsigned 16-bit integer in
   *     little-endian byte order
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */

![Grafana](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/metrics/prometheus/grafana/replication/grafana-replication-node.png)

| [**AD/LDAP**](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/sts/ldap.md)             | Let AD/LDAP users request temporary credentials using AD/LDAP username and password.                                                          |

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b_py39.py!}
```

////

#### Using `Union` or `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.

## File Parameters with `UploadFile` { #file-parameters-with-uploadfile }

Define a file parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py hl[14] *}

Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:

            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        MultisetTestSuiteBuilder.using(unionGenerator())
            .withFeatures(CollectionSize.ANY, CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
            .named("Multisets.union")
            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        MultisetTestSuiteBuilder.using(intersectionGenerator())
            .withFeatures(
                CollectionSize.ANY,

requests**, sending the **decrypted HTTP requests** to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the **HTTP response** from the application, **encrypt it** using the appropriate **HTTPS certificate** and sending it back to the client using **HTTPS**. This server is often called a **<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" class="external-link" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>**.

Some of the options you could...

# Additional Status Codes { #additional-status-codes }

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.

## Additional status codes { #additional-status-codes_1 }

 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
@Experimental
public interface Interpolator extends Service {

    /**
     * Interpolates the values in the given map using the provided callback function.
     * This method defaults to setting empty strings for unresolved placeholders.
     *
     * @param properties The map containing key-value pairs to be interpolated.