return ByteStreams.nullOutputStream();
    }
  }

  // Compare by toString() to satisfy 2 properties:
  // 1. compareTo(null) should throw NullPointerException
  // 2. the order is deterministic and easy to understand, for debugging purpose.
  @SuppressWarnings("ComparableType")
  private static final class ByToString implements Comparable<Object>, Serializable {
    private static final ByToString INSTANCE = new ByToString();

## Useful tips

### How Gradle Works

We have [a series of blog](https://blog.gradle.org/how-gradle-works-1) that explains how Gradle works.
This may help you better understand and contribute to Gradle.

### Debugging Gradle

See the [Debugging Gradle](./contributing/Debugging.md) guide for tips on debugging Gradle.

Software under this License. Except to the extent prohibited by statute
or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a
recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.

5. Termination
--------------

5.1. The rights granted under this License will terminate automatically
if You fail to comply with any of its terms. However, if You become

데이터베이스나 다른 API 같은 **외부 구성요소**와 통신이 필요한 어떤 종류의 검증이든 해야 한다면, 대신 **FastAPI Dependencies**를 사용해야 합니다. 이에 대해서는 나중에 배우게 됩니다.

이 커스텀 validator는 요청에서 제공된 **같은 데이터만**으로 확인할 수 있는 것들을 위한 것입니다.

///

### 코드 이해하기 { #understand-that-code }

중요한 부분은 **`Annotated` 안에서 함수와 함께 `AfterValidator`를 사용한다는 것**뿐입니다. 이 부분은 건너뛰셔도 됩니다. 🤸

---

하지만 이 특정 코드 예제가 궁금하고 계속 보고 싶다면, 추가 세부사항은 다음과 같습니다.

          e: IOException,
        ) {
          failWebSocket(e)
        }
      },
    )
  }

  private fun WebSocketExtensions.isValid(): Boolean {
    // If the server returned parameters we don't understand, fail the web socket.
    if (unknownValues) return false

    // If the server returned a value for client_max_window_bits, fail the web socket.
    if (clientMaxWindowBits != null) return false

   * Short#decode} and {@link Short#toString()}. The returned converter throws {@link
   * NumberFormatException} if the input string is invalid.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> please see {@link Short#decode} to understand exactly how strings are
   * parsed. For example, the string {@code "0123"} is treated as <i>octal</i> and converted to the
   * value {@code 83}.
   *
   * @since 16.0
   */

     intended for use by those authorized to give the public
     permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by
     copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
     irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms
     and conditions of the license they choose before applying it.
     Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before
     applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the

  }

  private static <T extends @Nullable Object> List<Predicate<? super T>> asList(
      Predicate<? super T> first, Predicate<? super T> second) {
    // TODO(kevinb): understand why we still get a warning despite @SafeVarargs!
    return Arrays.<Predicate<? super T>>asList(first, second);
  }

  private static <T> List<T> defensiveCopy(T... array) {

 *       the {@linkplain ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() system class loader}. This means it does
 *       not look for classes in the <i>module path</i>.
 *   <li>It understands only {@code file:} URLs. This means that it does not understand <a
 *       href="https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/220">{@code jrt:/} URLs</a>, among <a
 *       href="https://github.com/classgraph/classgraph/wiki/Classpath-specification-mechanisms">others</a>.

                 * behavior is undefined because of the concurrent mutation.)
                 *
                 * (Our prototype checker happens to be "smart" enough to understand this for the
                 * *get* call in getValue but not for the *put* call here.)
                 *
                 * (Arguably we should use requireNonNull rather than uncheckedCastNullableTToT: We