from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


CommonsDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: CommonsDep):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes | None, File()] = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
    if not file:

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = Field(
        default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300
    )
    price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Item,

from typing import Annotated, Any

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException

app = FastAPI()


class InternalError(Exception):
    pass


def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except InternalError:
        print("Oops, we didn't raise again, Britney 😱")


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":

* `bytes`

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### Módulo `typing` { #typing-module }

Para algunos casos adicionales, podrías necesitar importar algunas cosas del módulo `typing` de la standard library, por ejemplo cuando quieres declarar que algo tiene "cualquier tipo", puedes usar `Any` de `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

* `bytes`

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### Módulo `typing` { #typing-module }

Para alguns casos adicionais, você pode precisar importar alguns itens do módulo padrão `typing`, por exemplo, quando quiser declarar que algo pode ter "qualquer tipo", você pode usar `Any` de `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### `typing`-Modul { #typing-module }

Für einige zusätzliche Anwendungsfälle müssen Sie möglicherweise Dinge aus dem Standardmodul `typing` importieren. Zum Beispiel, wenn Sie deklarieren möchten, dass etwas „jeden Typ“ haben kann, können Sie `Any` aus `typing` verwenden:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

    # Return some error
    ...
```

But by using the `secrets.compare_digest()` it will be secure against a type of attacks called "timing attacks".

### Timing Attacks { #timing-attacks }

But what's a "timing attack"?

Let's imagine some attackers are trying to guess the username and password.

And they send a request with a username `johndoe` and a password `love123`.