// Then
            assertNotNull(result, "Result should never be null");
            if (input == null || input.isEmpty()) {
                assertEquals(0, result.length, "Null or empty input should produce empty array");
            } else {
                assertTrue(result.length > 0, "Non-empty input should produce non-empty array");
            }
        }
    }

    @Nested

  private static class Control extends AbstractNonStreamingHashFunction {
    @Override
    public HashCode hashBytes(byte[] input, int off, int len) {
      return HashCode.fromBytes(Arrays.copyOfRange(input, off, off + len));
    }

    @Override
    public int bits() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
  }

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["body", "extra"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "Mr. Poopybutthole"
        }
    ]
}
```

## Resumen

클라이언트는 쿼리 매개변수 `tool` 이 허용되지 않는다는 **에러** 응답을 받게 됩니다.

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["query", "tool"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "plumbus"
        }
    ]
}
```

## 요약

**FastAPI** 에서 **쿼리 매개변수** 를 선언할 때 **Pydantic 모델** 을 사용할 수 있습니다. 😎

/// tip | 팁

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["header", "tool"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "plumbus",
        }
    ]
}
```

## Disable Convert Underscores { #disable-convert-underscores }

   * consistent hashing</a> for more information.
   */
  public static int consistentHash(long input, int buckets) {
    checkArgument(buckets > 0, "buckets must be positive: %s", buckets);
    LinearCongruentialGenerator generator = new LinearCongruentialGenerator(input);
    int candidate = 0;
    int next;

    // Jump from bucket to bucket until we go out of range
    while (true) {

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "type": "extra_forbidden",
            "loc": ["header", "tool"],
            "msg": "Extra inputs are not permitted",
            "input": "plumbus",
        }
    ]
}
```

## Как отключить автоматическое преобразование подчеркиваний

     *
     * Unfortunately, we don't distinguish between these two cases in our public API: Joiner.on(...)
     * and Joiner.on(...).useForNull(...) both declare the same return type: plain Joiner. To ensure
     * that users *can* pass null arguments to Joiner, we annotate it as if it always tolerates null
     * inputs, rather than as if it never tolerates them.
     *

        SmbSession result = transport.getSmbSession(ctx);
        assertSame(session, result);
        verify(transport).getSmbSession(eq(ctx));
    }

    // Edge inputs: null context returns null session per mock setup
    @Test
    @DisplayName("getSmbSession(ctx) with null context returns null as stubbed")
    void getSmbSession_byContext_null() {

    /*
     * TODO: cpovirk - Pre-size the HashMap based on the number of enum values? (But *not* based on
     * the number of entries in the map, as that makes it easy for hostile inputs to trigger lots of
     * allocation—not that any program should be deserializing hostile inputs to begin with!)
     */
    setDelegates(new EnumMap<K, V>(keyTypeOrObjectUnderJ2cl), new HashMap<V, K>());
    Serialization.populateMap(this, stream);
  }