public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Shorts.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

     * @param dataMap additional data map (not currently used)
     * @return the normalized title, or empty string if title is null
     */
    public String getTitle(final ResponseData responseData, final String title, final Map<String, Object> dataMap) {
        if (title == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY; // empty
        }

        final int[] spaceChars = getSpaceChars();

   * @param elements the elements that the multiset should contain
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code elements} is empty
   */
  public static <E extends Enum<E>> EnumMultiset<E> create(Iterable<E> elements) {
    Iterator<E> iterator = elements.iterator();
    checkArgument(iterator.hasNext(), "EnumMultiset constructor passed empty Iterable");
    EnumMultiset<E> multiset = new EnumMultiset<>(iterator.next().getDeclaringClass());

/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {boolean} Whether the given string is null or is the empty string.
 * @public
 */
Platform.stringIsNullOrEmpty = function(str) {
  return !str;
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {string} Original str, if it is non-null. Otherwise empty string.
 */
Platform.nullToEmpty = function(str) {
  return str || "";
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str

  }

  public void testEmptiesFirst() {
    Optional<String> empty = Optional.empty();
    Optional<String> abc = Optional.of("abc");
    Optional<String> z = Optional.of("z");

    Comparator<Optional<String>> comparator = emptiesFirst(comparing(String::length));
    testComparator(comparator, empty, z, abc);

    // Just demonstrate that no explicit type parameter is required

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Floats.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

  }

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Ints.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Floats.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Floats.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

     * format using the specified encoding scheme.
     *
     * @param s
     *            The string to be converted. Must not be {@literal null} or empty.
     * @param enc
     *            The encoding scheme. Must not be {@literal null} or empty.
     * @return The string encoded in <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> format.
     */
    public static String encode(final String s, final String enc) {

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("EmptyIterator should follow Iterator contract for empty collections")
    void testIteratorContract() {
        // Given - typical Iterator usage pattern

        // When & Then - verify empty collection behavior
        assertFalse(emptyIterator.hasNext(), "Empty iterator should have no next element");