```

함수의 매개변수 값은 아래가 됩니다:

* `skip=20`: URL에서 지정했기 때문입니다
* `limit=10`: 기본값이기 때문입니다

## 선택적 매개변수 { #optional-parameters }

같은 방법으로 기본값을 `None`으로 설정하여 선택적 매개변수를 선언할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

이 경우 함수 매개변수 `q`는 선택적이며 기본값으로 `None` 값이 됩니다.

/// check

또한 **FastAPI**는 `item_id`가 경로 매개변수이고 `q`는 경로 매개변수가 아니라서 쿼리 매개변수라는 것을 알 정도로 충분히 똑똑하다는 점도 확인하세요.

///

#### Muhtemelen `None` { #possibly-none }

Bir değerin `str` gibi bir tipi olabileceğini ama aynı zamanda `None` da olabileceğini bildirebilirsiniz.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

```

Це означає, що `item` може бути `int` або `str`.

#### Можливо `None` { #possibly-none }

Ви можете оголосити, що значення може мати тип, наприклад `str`, але також може бути `None`.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: bool | None = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: bool | None = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

     * Gets the installation Toolchains source.
     *
     * @return the installation Toolchains source or {@code null} if none
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> getInstallationToolchainsSource();

    /**
     * Gets the user Toolchains source.
     *
     * @return the user Toolchains source or {@code null} if none
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> getUserToolchainsSource();

    @Nonnull

    /**
     * Locates the pom in the given directory.
     *
     * @param dir the directory to locate the pom for, never {@code null}
     * @return a {@code Source} pointing to the located pom or an empty {@code Optional} if none was found by this parser
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> locate(@Nonnull Path dir);

    /**
     * Parse the model obtained previously by a previous call to {@link #locate(Path)}.
     *

                DependencyScope.TEST.isTransitive(),
                byProjectPath(CommonBuilds.PROJECT_PATH_TEST)));
        result.add(internalScopeManager.createDependencyScope(
                DependencyScope.NONE.id(), DependencyScope.NONE.isTransitive(), Collections.emptySet()));
        result.add(internalScopeManager.createDependencyScope(
                DependencyScope.COMPILE_ONLY.id(),
                DependencyScope.COMPILE_ONLY.isTransitive(),

# Format: RequestType { scope:SCOPE ref:REFERENCE_TYPE }
#
# SCOPE OPTIONS:
#   session - Cache for entire Maven session (all modules in multi-module build)
#   request - Cache only for current request + its child requests
#   none    - Disable caching entirely
#
# REFERENCE OPTIONS:
#   hard - Strong reference (stays in memory, faster access)
#   soft - Weak reference (can be garbage collected under memory pressure)
#
# CONFIGURATION BREAKDOWN:

    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0, "description": None, "tax": None},
    }


def test_items_6(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/6",
        json={
            "item": {
                "name": "Bar",
                "price": 0.2,