A **request** body is data sent by the client to your API. A **response** body is the data your API sends to the client.

Your API almost always has to send a **response** body. But clients don't necessarily need to send **request bodies** all the time, sometimes they only request a path, maybe with some query parameters, but don't send a body.

    checkNotNull(range);
    checkNotNull(domain);
    Range<C> effectiveRange = range;
    try {
      if (!range.hasLowerBound()) {
        effectiveRange = effectiveRange.intersection(Range.atLeast(domain.minValue()));
      }
      if (!range.hasUpperBound()) {
        effectiveRange = effectiveRange.intersection(Range.atMost(domain.maxValue()));
      }
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {

TEST_MINIO_ENC_KEY="MDEyMzQ1Njc4OTAxMjM0NTY3ODkwMTIzNDU2Nzg5MDA"

# Create certificates for TLS enabled MinIO
echo -n "Setup certs for MinIO instances ..."
wget -O certgen https://github.com/minio/certgen/releases/latest/download/certgen-linux-amd64 && chmod +x certgen
./certgen --host localhost
mkdir -p /tmp/certs
mv public.crt /tmp/certs || sudo mv public.crt /tmp/certs
mv private.key /tmp/certs || sudo mv private.key /tmp/certs
echo "done"

    assertThat(typeArgs).hasLength(1);
    TypeVariable<?> captured = (TypeVariable<?>) typeArgs[0];
    assertThat(captured.getBounds()).asList().contains(Number.class);
    assertThat(captured.getBounds())
        .asList()
        .containsNoneOf(Object.class, new TypeToken<Iterable<Number>>() {}.getType());
    assertThat(new TypeToken<List<? extends Number>>() {}.isSupertypeOf(fieldType)).isTrue();

   *     FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP.putAll('b', Arrays.asList('a', 'n', 'a', 'n', 'a'));
   *     FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP.putAll('a', Arrays.asList('p', 'p', 'l', 'e'));
   *     FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP.putAll('c', Arrays.asList('a', 'r', 'r', 'o', 't'));
   *     FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP.putAll('a', Arrays.asList('s', 'p', 'a', 'r', 'a', 'g', 'u', 's'));
   *     FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP.putAll('c', Arrays.asList('h', 'e', 'r', 'r', 'y'));
   * }
   * }
   *

    } else {
      assertThat(defaultComparator).isEqualTo(UnsignedBytes.lexicographicalComparatorJavaImpl());
    }
  }

  public void testLexicographicalComparator() {
    List<byte[]> ordered =
        Arrays.asList(
            new byte[] {},
            new byte[] {LEAST},
            new byte[] {LEAST, LEAST},
            new byte[] {LEAST, (byte) 1},
            new byte[] {(byte) 1},

By the spec, you should return a JSON with an `access_token` and a `token_type`, the same as in this example.

This is something that you have to do yourself in your code, and make sure you use those JSON keys.

It's almost the only thing that you have to remember to do correctly yourself, to be compliant with the specifications.

For the rest, **FastAPI** handles it for you.

///

//// tab | Pydantic v2

Na versão 2 do Pydantic, você usaria o atributo `model_config`, que recebe um `dict`, conforme descrito na <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">documentação do Pydantic: Configuration</a>.

//// tab | Pydantic v2

En Pydantic versión 2, usarías el atributo `model_config`, que toma un `dict` como se describe en <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">la documentación de Pydantic: Configuración</a>.

        newKeyManager(
          null,
          serverCert,
          serverIntermediateCa.certificate,
        )
      val trustManager =
        newTrustManager(
          null,
          Arrays.asList(serverRootCa.certificate, clientRootCa.certificate),
          emptyList(),
        )
      val sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS")
      sslContext.init(
        arrayOf<KeyManager>(keyManager),