# Body - Updates

## Update replacing with `PUT`

To update an item you can use the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PUT" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTP `PUT`</a> operation.

You can use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the input data to data that can be stored as JSON (e.g. with a NoSQL database). For example, converting `datetime` to `str`.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="28-33"

* Caddy
    * Automatically handles certificates renewals ✨
* Nginx
    * With an external component like Certbot for certificate renewals
* HAProxy
    * With an external component like Certbot for certificate renewals
* Kubernetes with an Ingress Controller like Nginx
    * With an external component like cert-manager for certificate renewals

{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!}
```

& ⤴️, 🔄, 👆 🤚 🌐 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺:

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

## Pydantic 🏷

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> 🐍 🗃 🎭 📊 🔬.

👆 📣 "💠" 💽 🎓 ⏮️ 🔢.

&amp; 🔠 🔢 ✔️ 🆎.

⤴️ 👆 ✍ 👐 👈 🎓 ⏮️ 💲 &amp; ⚫️ 🔜 ✔ 💲, 🗜 👫 ☑ 🆎 (🚥 👈 💼) &amp; 🤝 👆 🎚 ⏮️ 🌐 💽.

///

/// info | "정보"

아래 또한 사용할 수 있습니다:

* `response_model_exclude_defaults=True`
* `response_model_exclude_none=True`

## Weitere Informationen

        }
        is MappedRange.InlineDelta -> {
          rangesBuffer.writeByte(range.b1)
          rangesBuffer.writeByte(range.b2)
          rangesBuffer.writeByte(range.b3)
        }
        is MappedRange.External -> {
          // Write the mapping.
          val mappingOffset: Int
          val mappedTo = range.mappedTo.utf8()
          val mappingIndex = mappingsBuffer.indexOf(mappedTo)
          if (mappingIndex == -1) {

但 JWT 使用了签名机制。接受令牌时，可以用签名校验令牌。

使用 JWT 创建有效期为一周的令牌。第二天，用户持令牌再次访问时，仍为登录状态。

令牌于一周后过期，届时，用户身份验证就会失败。只有再次登录，才能获得新的令牌。如果用户（或第三方）篡改令牌的过期时间，因为签名不匹配会导致身份验证失败。

如需深入了解 JWT 令牌，了解它的工作方式，请参阅 <a href="https://jwt.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://jwt.io</a>。

## 安装 `PyJWT`

安装 `PyJWT`，在 Python 中生成和校验 JWT 令牌：

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install pyjwt

---> 100%
```

</div>

# ボディ - 更新

## `PUT`による置換での更新

項目を更新するには<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PUT" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPの`PUT`</a>操作を使用することができます。

`jsonable_encoder`を用いて、入力データをJSON形式で保存できるデータに変換することができます（例：NoSQLデータベース）。例えば、`datetime`を`str`に変換します。

```Python hl_lines="30 31 32 33 34 35"
{!../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py!}
```

既存のデータを置き換えるべきデータを受け取るために`PUT`は使用されます。

### 置換についての注意

Some general advice

- Don’t change public API lightly, avoid if possible, and include your reasoning in the PR if essential.  It causes pain for developers who use OkHttp and sometimes runtime errors.
- Favour a working external library if appropriate.  There are many examples of OkHttp libraries that can sit on top or hook in via existing APIs.
- Get working code on a personal branch with tests before you submit a PR.

   * PackageSanityTests. (The test would run on the JVM, too, if not for the suppression below, and
   * that would be a problem because it violates small-test rules. Note that we strip the
   * suppression externally, but it's OK because we don't enforce test-size rules there.)
   *
   * We'd just use PackageSanityTests directly, saving us from needing this separate type, but we're