// If it doesn't crash, it should still return a valid hash
            assertNotNull(nullResult);
            assertEquals(128, nullResult.length());
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            // This is also acceptable behavior
        }
    }

    public void test_generateId_withDataMap_edgeCases() {
        // Test with empty data map

    Comparable<Object> comparable = ArbitraryInstances.get(Comparable.class);
    assertEquals(0, comparable.compareTo(comparable));
    assertTrue(comparable.compareTo("") > 0);
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> comparable.compareTo(null));
  }

  public void testGet_array() {
    assertThat(ArbitraryInstances.get(int[].class)).isEmpty();
    assertThat(ArbitraryInstances.get(Object[].class)).isEmpty();

    @Override
    public OutputStream openStream() {
      return ByteStreams.nullOutputStream();
    }
  }

  // Compare by toString() to satisfy 2 properties:
  // 1. compareTo(null) should throw NullPointerException
  // 2. the order is deterministic and easy to understand, for debugging purpose.
  @SuppressWarnings("ComparableType")
  private static final class ByToString implements Comparable<Object>, Serializable {

        void testWriteWithNullFileId() {
            request.setFileId(null);
            request.setReadLength(1024);

            byte[] buffer = new byte[256];

            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> request.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle file ID of different sizes")
        void testWriteWithDifferentFileIdSizes() {

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the size of the cartesian product would be greater than
   *     {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code lists}, any one of the {@code lists}, or any element of
   *     a provided list is null
   * @since 19.0
   */
  public static <B> List<List<B>> cartesianProduct(List<? extends List<? extends B>> lists) {

    Comparable<Object> comparable = ArbitraryInstances.get(Comparable.class);
    assertEquals(0, comparable.compareTo(comparable));
    assertTrue(comparable.compareTo("") > 0);
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> comparable.compareTo(null));
  }

  public void testGet_array() {
    assertThat(ArbitraryInstances.get(int[].class)).isEmpty();
    assertThat(ArbitraryInstances.get(Object[].class)).isEmpty();

   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>All non-private static methods are checked such that passing null for any parameter
   *       that's not annotated nullable should throw {@link NullPointerException}.
   *   <li>If there is any non-private constructor or non-private static factory method declared by
   *       {@code cls}, all non-private instance methods will be checked too using the instance

    assertThrows(
        IllegalArgumentException.class,
        () -> inducedSubgraph(undirectedGraph, ImmutableSet.of(N1)));
  }

  @Test
  public void copyOf_nullArgument() {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> copyOf((Graph<?>) null));
  }

  @Test
  public void copyOf_directedGraph() {
    Graph<Integer> directedGraph = buildDirectedGraph();

    Graph<Integer> copy = copyOf(directedGraph);

 * converted to strings using {@link Object#toString()} before being appended.
 *
 * <p>If neither {@link #skipNulls()} nor {@link #useForNull(String)} is specified, the joining
 * methods will throw {@link NullPointerException} if any given element is null.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning: joiner instances are always immutable</b>; a configuration method such as {@code

   * returns a new {@code InternetDomainName} with the value {@code www.bar.foo.com}. Only lenient
   * validation is performed, as described {@link #from(String) here}.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if leftParts is null
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the resulting name is not valid
   */
  public InternetDomainName child(String leftParts) {
    return from(checkNotNull(leftParts) + "." + name);
  }