Before Starlette `0.24.0`, a new instance of each middleware class would be created when a new middleware was added. That normally was not a problem, unless the middleware class expected to be created only once, with only one instance, that happened in some cases. This upgrade would solve those cases (thanks [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb)! Starlette PR [#2017](https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2017)). Now the middleware class instances are created once, right before the first request...

        buf.append(cpSeparator);
        // WEB-INF/classes
        buf.append("WEB-INF");
        buf.append(File.separator);
        buf.append("classes");
        // target/classes
        final String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        final File targetDir = new File(userDir, "target");
        final File targetClassesDir = new File(targetDir, "classes");
        if (targetClassesDir.isDirectory()) {

  static class DecoupledLoader implements FinalizerLoader {
    private static final String LOADING_ERROR =
        "Could not load Finalizer in its own class loader. Loading Finalizer in the current class "
            + "loader instead. As a result, you will not be able to garbage collect this class "
            + "loader. To support reclaiming this class loader, either resolve the underlying "
            + "issue, or move Guava to your system class path.";

  private static final class OneSizeTestSuiteBuilder<T, E>
      extends FeatureSpecificTestSuiteBuilder<
          OneSizeTestSuiteBuilder<T, E>, OneSizeGenerator<T, E>> {
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // class literals
    private final List<Class<? extends AbstractTester>> testers;

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // class literals
    OneSizeTestSuiteBuilder(List<Class<? extends AbstractTester>> testers) {

  static class CustomRuntimeException extends RuntimeException {}

  public void testCatching() throws Exception {
    FluentFuture<?> f =
        FluentFuture.from(immediateFailedFuture(new CustomRuntimeException()))
            .catching(Throwable.class, Object::getClass, directExecutor());
    assertThat(f.get()).isEqualTo(CustomRuntimeException.class);
  }

            <phase>process-classes</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>manifest</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <instructions>
            <!-- Silence a warning that claims that META-INF/versions/9/... is the "wrong directory" for our classes. -->
            <_fixupmessages>^Classes found in the wrong directory: .*</_fixupmessages>

 */
package org.codelibs.core.io;

/**
 * Interface for handlers that process classes.
 *
 * @author koichik
 */
public interface ClassHandler {

    /**
     * Processes a class.
     *
     * @param packageName the package name
     * @param shortClassName the simple class name
     */
    void processClass(String packageName, String shortClassName);

   * ConcurrentHashMap} support for {@code entrySet().add()}</a>.
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection
  public static Method getAddAllUnsupportedNonePresentMethod() {
    return getMethod(CollectionAddAllTester.class, "testAddAll_unsupportedNonePresent");
  }

  /**

     */
    byte FILE_BASIC_INFO = 0x4;
    /**
     * File standard information class constant.
     */
    byte FILE_STANDARD_INFO = 0x5;

    /**
     * File internal information class constant.
     */
    byte FILE_INTERNAL_INFO = 0x6;

    /**
     * File rename information class constant.
     */
    byte FILE_RENAME_INFO = 10;

    /**

   *
   * @throws ClassCastException if the cause cannot be cast to the expected type. The {@code
   *     ClassCastException}'s cause is {@code throwable}.
   * @since 22.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Class.cast(Object)
  public static <X extends Throwable> @Nullable X getCauseAs(
      Throwable throwable, Class<X> expectedCauseType) {
    try {
      return expectedCauseType.cast(throwable.getCause());