import static com.google.common.collect.testing.google.ReflectionFreeAssertThrows.assertThrows;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.Multiset;
import com.google.common.collect.Multiset.Entry;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.Helpers;

* HTTPX for interacting with HTTP (other APIs), prefer it over Requests.

## Do not use Pydantic RootModels

Do not use Pydantic `RootModel`, instead use regular type annotations with `Annotated` and Pydantic validation utilities.

For example, for a list with validations you could do:

```python
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

import static com.google.common.collect.testing.Helpers.mapEntry;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Base class for map testers.
 *

* framework: framework (do not translate to "marco")
* performance: rendimiento
* program (verb): programar
* code (verb): programar
* type hints: anotaciones de tipos
* type annotations: anotaciones de tipos
* autocomplete: autocompletado
* completion (in the context of autocompletion): autocompletado
* feature: funcionalidad
* sponsor: sponsor
* host (in a podcast): host

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.OverridingMethodsMustInvokeSuper;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**

import static com.google.common.collect.testing.google.MultisetFeature.ENTRIES_ARE_VIEWS;
import static java.util.Collections.singleton;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.Multiset;
import com.google.common.collect.Multisets;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionFeature;

## Headings { #headings }

//// tab | Test

### Develop a webapp - a tutorial { #develop-a-webapp-a-tutorial }

Hello.

### Type hints and -annotations { #type-hints-and-annotations }

Hello again.

### Super- and subclasses { #super-and-subclasses }

Hello again.

////

//// tab | Info

    }

    /**
     * Note: overriding this method should be avoided. Preferred way to replace Maven components is the "normal" way
     * where the components are on index (are annotated with JSR330 annotations and Sisu index is created) and, they
     * have priorities set.
     */
    protected Module getCustomModule(C context, CoreExports exports) {
        return new AbstractModule() {
            @Override

This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

///

## Optional File Upload { #optional-file-upload }

You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a default value of `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py hl[9,17] *}

## `UploadFile` with Additional Metadata { #uploadfile-with-additional-metadata }

  <description>Maven embeddable component, with CLI and logging support.</description>

  <dependencies>
    <!--  Maven4 API -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-api-annotations</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-api-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>