@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class BiMapRemoveTester<K, V> extends AbstractBiMapTester<K, V> {
  @MapFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testRemoveKeyRemovesFromInverse() {
    getMap().remove(k0());

@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class CollectionContainsTester<E> extends AbstractCollectionTester<E> {
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testContains_yes() {
    assertTrue("contains(present) should return true", collection.contains(e0()));
  }

@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListRetainAllTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = {ZERO, ONE})
  public void testRetainAll_duplicatesKept() {

 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.maven.artifact.repository;

/**
 * Authentication
 */
public class Authentication {

    private String privateKey;

    private String passphrase;

    public Authentication(String userName, String password) {
        this.username = userName;
        this.password = password;

 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.maven.artifact.versioning;

/**
 * Describes a restriction in versioning.
 *
 */
public class Restriction {
    private final ArtifactVersion lowerBound;

    private final boolean lowerBoundInclusive;

    private final ArtifactVersion upperBound;

    private final boolean upperBoundInclusive;

 * to the specific provider interface being implemented.
 * <p>
 * Example implementation for a custom language provider:
 * <pre>
 * public class CustomLanguageProvider implements LanguageProvider {
 *     public Collection&lt;Language&gt; provides() {
 *         return Arrays.asList(
 *             language("kotlin"),
 *             language("scala")
 *         );

    }

    @Override
    public List<ArtifactVersion> retrieveAvailableVersionsFromDeploymentRepository(
            Artifact artifact, ArtifactRepository localRepository, ArtifactRepository remoteRepository)
            throws ArtifactMetadataRetrievalException {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot get available versions in this test case");
    }

    @Override

以降のセクションは、すでにチュートリアルを読んで、その主要なアイデアを理解できていることを前提としています。

## テスト駆動開発のコース

このセクションの内容を補完するために脱初心者用コースを受けたい場合は、**TestDriven.io**による、<a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Test-Driven Development with FastAPI and Docker</a>を確認するのがよいかもしれません。

{* ../../docs_src/query_param_models/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9:13,17] *}

**FastAPI** 將會從請求的**查詢參數**中**提取**出**每個欄位**的資料，並將其提供給你定義的 Pydantic 模型。

## 查看文件

你可以在 `/docs` 頁面的 UI 中查看查詢參數：

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/query-param-models/image01.png">
</div>

## 禁止額外的查詢參數

在一些特殊的使用場景中（可能不是很常見），你可能希望**限制**你要收到的查詢參數。

你可以使用 Pydantic 的模型設定來 `forbid`（禁止）任何 `extra`（額外）欄位：

from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel, condecimal

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    age: condecimal(gt=Decimal(0.0))  # type: ignore


@app.post("/items/")
def save_item_no_body(item: list[Item]):
    return {"item": item}


client = TestClient(app)