* changed. This provides binary compatibility for users who compiled against the old signatures.
 */
@Beta
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class GraphsBridgeMethods {

  @SuppressWarnings("PreferredInterfaceType")
  public static <N> Graph<N> transitiveClosure(Graph<N> graph) {
    return Graphs.transitiveClosure(graph);
  }

# `Request` class

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any validation, etc.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Request
```

/// tip

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)],
    q: str | None = None,
    item: Item | None = None,

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")

👉, 👆 ⚙️ `TestClient` `with` 📄, 🔗*️⃣:

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

🌅 ℹ, ✅ 💃 🧾 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">🔬 *️⃣ </a>.

# `HTTPConnection` class

When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.

You can import it from `fastapi.requests`:

```python
from fastapi.requests import HTTPConnection
```

                : this.transportContext.getConfig().getWinsServers()[ this.nbnsIndex ];
    }

    static class Sem {

        Sem ( int count ) {
            this.count = count;
        }

        int count;
    }

    static class QueryThread extends Thread {

        private Sem sem;
        private String host, scope;
        private int type;

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: Annotated[FormData, Form()]):

/**
 * This class simplifies communication for protocols that support
 * multiplexing requests. It encapsulates a stream and some protocol
 * knowledge (provided by a concrete subclass) so that connecting,
 * disconnecting, sending, and receiving can be syncronized
 * properly. Apparatus is provided to send and receive requests
 * concurrently.
 */

public abstract class Transport implements Runnable, AutoCloseable {