## HTTPX { #httpx }

Mesmo que a sua aplicação **FastAPI** utilize funções normais com `def` no lugar de `async def`, ela ainda é uma aplicação `async` por baixo dos panos.

    * So ersetzen Sie nur die tatsächlich vom Benutzer gesetzten Werte, statt dass bereits gespeicherte Werte mit Defaultwerten des Modells überschrieben werden.
* Erzeugen Sie eine Kopie ihres gespeicherten Modells, wobei Sie die Attribute mit den empfangenen Teil-Ersetzungen aktualisieren (mittels des `update`-Parameters).

    "{$callback_url}/invoices/{$request.body.id}", response_model=InvoiceEventReceived
)
def invoice_notification(body: InvoiceEvent):
    pass  # pragma: nocover


class Event(BaseModel):
    name: str
    total: float


events_callback_router = APIRouter()


@events_callback_router.get("{$callback_url}/events/{$request.body.title}")
def event_callback(event: Event):
    pass  # pragma: nocover

class Foo(FooBaseModel):
    pass


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/")
async def post(
    foo: Foo | None = None,
):
    return foo


client = TestClient(app)


def test_call_invalid():
    response = client.post("/", json={"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
    assert response.status_code == 422


def test_call_valid():
    response = client.post("/", json={})
    assert response.status_code == 200

    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0),
        Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0),

# Tester des dépendances avec des surcharges { #testing-dependencies-with-overrides }

## Surcharger des dépendances pendant les tests { #overriding-dependencies-during-testing }

Il existe des cas où vous souhaiterez surcharger une dépendance pendant les tests.

Vous ne voulez pas exécuter la dépendance originale (ni ses éventuelles sous‑dépendances).

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from typing_extensions import TypeAliasType


async def some_value() -> int:
    return 123


DependedValue = TypeAliasType(
    "DependedValue", Annotated[int, Depends(some_value)], type_params=()
)


def test_pep695_type_dependencies():
    app = FastAPI()

    @app.get("/")
    async def get_with_dep(value: DependedValue) -> str:  # noqa
        return f"value: {value}"

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes | None, File()] = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}

/// tip | Astuce

def test_list_bytes_file_preserves_order(
    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
    app = FastAPI()

    @app.post("/upload")
    async def upload(files: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):
        # return something that makes order obvious
        return [b[0] for b in files]

    original_read = StarletteUploadFile.read