@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class NavigableMapNavigationTester<K, V> extends AbstractMapTester<K, V> {

  private NavigableMap<K, V> navigableMap;
  private List<Entry<K, V>> entries;
  private Entry<K, V> a;
  private Entry<K, V> b;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Assists the project builder. <strong>Warning:</strong> This is an internal utility class that is only public for
 * technical reasons, it is not part of the public API. In particular, this class can be changed or deleted without
 * prior notice.
 *
 */
@Named
@Singleton
public class DefaultProjectBuildingHelper implements ProjectBuildingHelper {

///

### 尝试带有依赖项的 WebSockets

如果您的文件名为 `main.py`，请使用以下命令运行应用程序：

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

在FastAPI中仍然可以单独使用 `BackgroundTask`，但您必须在代码中创建对象，并返回包含它的Starlette `Response`。

更多细节查看 <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/background/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's official docs for Background Tasks</a>.

## 告诫

如果您需要执行繁重的后台计算，并且不一定需要由同一进程运行（例如，您不需要共享内存、变量等），那么使用其他更大的工具（如 <a href="https://docs.celeryq.dev" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>）可能更好。

它们往往需要更复杂的配置，即消息/作业队列管理器，如RabbitMQ或Redis，但它们允许您在多个进程中运行后台任务，甚至是在多个服务器中。

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Nota

Para más detalles, revisa la documentación de Starlette sobre <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">probar WebSockets</a>.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "examples": [
                {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",
                    "price": 35.4,

from datetime import datetime
from typing import Union

from pydantic import BaseModel


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: Union[datetime, None] = None
    friends: list[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

/**
 * Form class for cache-related operations.
 * Contains parameters for document caching and error page display.
 */
public class CacheForm {

    /** Document ID for cache operations. */
    @Required
    @Size(max = 100)
    public String docId;

import okhttp3.Credentials
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
import okhttp3.Request
import okhttp3.Response
import okhttp3.Route

class Authenticate {
  private val client =
    OkHttpClient
      .Builder()
      .authenticator(
        object : Authenticator {
          @Throws(IOException::class)
          override fun authenticate(
            route: Route?,
            response: Response,
          ): Request? {