///

## Sobre "Campos de formulário" { #about-form-fields }

A forma como os formulários HTML (`<form></form>`) enviam os dados para o servidor normalmente usa uma codificação "especial" para esses dados, é diferente do JSON.

O **FastAPI** fará a leitura desses dados no lugar certo em vez de JSON.

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos

    response = client.post("/schema_extra/", json={"data": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.post("/example/", json={"data": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.post("/examples/", json={"data": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.post("/example_examples/", json={"data": "Foo"})

    ["/required-str", "/model-required-str"],
)
def test_required_str_missing(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(path)
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",
                "loc": ["body", "p"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": IsOneOf(None, {}),
            }

)
def test_required_list_str_missing(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",
                "loc": ["header", "p"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": AnyThing,
            }

Form gövdelerini tanımlamak için `Form` sınıfını kullanmanız gerekir; çünkü bu olmadan parametreler sorgu parametreleri veya gövde (JSON) parametreleri olarak yorumlanır.

///

## "Form Alanları" Hakkında

HTML formlarının (`<form></form>`) verileri sunucuya gönderirken JSON'dan farklı özel bir kodlama kullanır.

**FastAPI** bu verilerin JSON yerine doğru şekilde okunmasını sağlayacaktır.

/// note | Teknik Detaylar

    assert response.json() == {
        "baz": "simple_include model2 baz",
        "ref": {"foo": "simple_include model foo"},
    }


def test_nested_include_simple_dict():
    response = client.get("/simple_include_dict")

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

    assert response.json() == {
        "baz": "simple_include_dict model2 baz",

    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "item": {
                "name": "Foo",
                "price": 50.5,
                "description": "Some Foo",
                "tax": 0.1,
            },
            "user": {"username": "johndoe", "full_name": "John Doe"},
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {

Термін "схема" також може відноситися до структури даних, наприклад, JSON.

У цьому випадку це означає - атрибути JSON і типи даних, які вони мають тощо.

#### OpenAPI і JSON Schema

OpenAPI описує схему для вашого API. І ця схема включає визначення (або "схеми") даних, що надсилаються та отримуються вашим API за допомогою **JSON Schema**, стандарту для схем даних JSON.

#### Розглянемо `openapi.json`

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Create an account first"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {

    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},