def get_items(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return list(models.Item.select().offset(skip).limit(limit))


def create_user_item(item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int):
    db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)
    db_item.save()

# 依存関係としてのクラス

**依存性注入** システムを深く掘り下げる前に、先ほどの例をアップグレードしてみましょう。

## 前の例の`dict`

前の例では、依存関係（"dependable"）から`dict`を返していました:

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
```

しかし、*path operation関数*のパラメータ`commons`に`dict`が含まれています。

また、エディタは`dict`のキーと値の型を知ることができないため、多くのサポート（補完のような）を提供することができません。

もっとうまくやれるはずです...。

## 依存関係を作るもの

これまでは、依存関係が関数として宣言されているのを見てきました。

/// tip | "Dica"

O "PATCH" é o último número, por exemplo, em `0.2.3`, a versão PATCH é `3`.

///

Logo, você deveria conseguir fixar a versão, como:

```txt
fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
```

Mudanças significativas e novos recursos são adicionados em versões "MINOR".

/// tip | "Dica"

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.app.web.admin.dict.synonym;

import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.CrudMode;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.theme.conversion.ValidateTypeFailure;

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.app.web.admin.dict.mapping;

import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.CrudMode;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.theme.conversion.ValidateTypeFailure;

import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;

/// note | "Technical Details"

A `Request` has a `request.scope` attribute, that's just a Python `dict` containing the metadata related to the request.

A `Request` also has a `request.receive`, that's a function to "receive" the body of the request.

The `scope` `dict` and `receive` function are both part of the ASGI specification.

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.dict;

public class DictionaryExpiredException extends RuntimeException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    //    public DictionaryExpiredException() {
    //        super("errors.expired_dict_id");

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.app.web.admin.dict.stemmeroverride;

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;

public class DownloadForm {
    @Required
    public String dictId;

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.app.web.admin.dict.stopwords;

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;

public class DownloadForm {
    @Required
    public String dictId;

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.app.web.admin.dict.mapping;

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;

/**
 * @author nullpos
 */
public class SearchForm {

    @Required
    public String dictId;