* being deleted. This can happen if, after checking that a file is a directory (and not a
   * symbolic link), that directory is deleted and replaced by a symbolic link to an outside
   * directory before the call that opens the directory to read its entries. File systems that
   * support {@code SecureDirectoryStream} do not have this vulnerability.
   */
  ALLOW_INSECURE

The important thing to remember is that **the first *type parameter*** you pass to `Annotated` is the **actual type**. The rest, is just metadata for other tools.

For now, you just need to know that `Annotated` exists, and that it's standard Python. 😎

Later you will see how **powerful** it can be.

/// tip

    }

    /**
     * Test for close() method.
     * Verifies that the close method can be called without throwing an exception.
     * @throws CIFSException
     */
    @Test
    void testClose() throws CIFSException {
        smbTreeHandle.close();
        // Verify that close() was called on the mock
        verify(smbTreeHandle).close();
    }

    /**

I'll tell you a bit more about these **concepts** here, and that would hopefully give you the **intuition** you would need to decide how to deploy your API in very different environments, possibly even in **future** ones that don't exist yet.

Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the
freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this
service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone

So you wait for your crush to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸.

Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹.

uncaught `Throwable`s or add a shutdown hook
But we're not convinced that all of these things *belong* in the qa directory.
We're fairly sure that tests that require multiple modules or plugins to work
should just pick a "home" plugin. We're fairly sure that the multi-version
tests *do* belong in qa. Beyond that, we're not sure. If you want to add a new

   * The code in FinalizableReferenceQueue goes to considerable trouble to ensure that there are
   * no such references and the tests here check that that trouble has not been in vain.
   *
   * When we reference FinalizableReferenceQueue in this test, we are referencing a class that is
   * loaded by this test and that will obviously remain loaded for as long as the test is running.

  /*
   * Ideally, this class would have exposed only constructors that require a non-null cause. See
   * https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify-reference-checker/blob/61aafa4ae52594830cfc2d61c8b113009dbdb045/src/main/java/com/google/jspecify/nullness/NullSpecTransfer.java#L789
   * and https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify/issues/490.
   *
   * (That would also have ensured that its cause was always an Error, rather than possibly another

```JSON
{"item_id":3}
```

/// check

Notice that the value your function received (and returned) is `3`, as a Python `int`, not a string `"3"`.

So, with that type declaration, **FastAPI** gives you automatic request <dfn title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</dfn>.

///

## Data validation { #data-validation }