<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

/// note

Notice the header `Authorization`, with a value that starts with `Bearer `.

///

## Advanced usage with `scopes`

OAuth2 has the notion of "scopes".

You can use them to add a specific set of permissions to a JWT token.

Then you can give this token to a user directly or a third party, to interact with your API with a set of restrictions.

    mockWebServer.start(slackApi.port);
  }

  public HttpUrl newAuthorizeUrl(String scopes, String team, Listener listener) {
    if (mockWebServer == null) throw new IllegalStateException();

    ByteString state = randomToken();
    synchronized (this) {
      listeners.put(state, listener);
    }

    return slackApi.authorizeUrl(scopes, redirectUrl(), state, team);
  }

  private ByteString randomToken() {

    this.port = port;
  }

  /** See https://api.slack.com/docs/oauth. */
  public HttpUrl authorizeUrl(String scopes, HttpUrl redirectUrl, ByteString state, String team) {
    HttpUrl.Builder builder = baseUrl.newBuilder("/oauth/authorize")
        .addQueryParameter("client_id", clientId)
        .addQueryParameter("scope", scopes)
        .addQueryParameter("redirect_uri", redirectUrl.toString())
        .addQueryParameter("state", state.base64());

```

::: fastapi.Depends

## `Security()`

For many scenarios, you can handle security (authorization, authentication, etc.) with dependencies, using `Depends()`.

But when you want to also declare OAuth2 scopes, you can use `Security()` instead of `Depends()`.

You can import `Security()` directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Security
```

The spec also states that the `username` and `password` must be sent as form data (so, no JSON here).

### `scope`

The spec also says that the client can send another form field "`scope`".

The form field name is `scope` (in singular), but it is actually a long string with "scopes" separated by spaces.

Each "scope" is just a string (without spaces).

They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:

### <abbr title="Geltungsbereich">`scope`</abbr>

Ferner sagt die Spezifikation, dass der Client ein weiteres Formularfeld "`scope`" („Geltungsbereich“) senden kann.

Der Name des Formularfelds lautet `scope` (im Singular), tatsächlich handelt es sich jedoch um einen langen String mit durch Leerzeichen getrennten „Scopes“.

Jeder „Scope“ ist nur ein String (ohne Leerzeichen).

            }
        },
        "components": {
            "securitySchemes": {
                "OAuth2PasswordBearer": {
                    "type": "oauth2",
                    "flows": {"password": {"scopes": {}, "tokenUrl": "token"}},
                }
            }
        },

./mc cp /etc/hosts myminio/test-bucket

./mc idp openid add myminio \
	config_url="http://localhost:5556/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration" \
	client_id="minio-client-app" \
	client_secret="minio-client-app-secret" \
	scopes="openid,groups,email,profile" \
	redirect_uri="http://127.0.0.1:10000/oauth_callback" \
	display_name="Login via dex1" \
	role_policy="consoleAdmin"

./mc admin service restart myminio --json
./mc ready myminio

from fastapi._compat import ModelField
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase


@dataclass
class SecurityRequirement:
    security_scheme: SecurityBase
    scopes: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None


@dataclass
class Dependant:
    path_params: List[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
    query_params: List[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)

/// note | "Hinweis"

Beachten Sie den Header `Authorization` mit einem Wert, der mit `Bearer` beginnt.

///

## Fortgeschrittene Verwendung mit `scopes`

OAuth2 hat ein Konzept von <abbr title="Geltungsbereiche">„Scopes“</abbr>.

Sie können diese verwenden, um einem JWT-Token einen bestimmten Satz von Berechtigungen zu übergeben.