// Test throwing and catching the exception with cause
        String expectedMessage = "Job execution failed with error";
        Throwable expectedCause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        boolean exceptionCaught = false;

        try {
            throw new ScheduledJobException(expectedMessage, expectedCause);
        } catch (ScheduledJobException e) {

        assertTrue(exception1.getCause() instanceof java.io.IOException);

        StorageException exception2 = new StorageException("NPE", new NullPointerException("Null reference"));
        assertTrue(exception2.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException);

      // GWT's HashMap.keySet().removeAll(null) doesn't throws NPE.
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void testEntrySetRemoveAllNullFromEmpty() {
    try {
      super.testEntrySetRemoveAllNullFromEmpty();
    } catch (RuntimeException tolerated) {
      // GWT's HashMap.entrySet().removeAll(null) doesn't throws NPE.
    }
  }

        lenient().when(tree.isConnected()).thenReturn(connected);
        lenient().when(tree.isSMB2()).thenReturn(smb2);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Constructor with null tree throws NPE (byte[] fid variant)")
    void constructor_nullTree_byteArray_throwsNPE() {
        lenient().when(cfg.isTraceResourceUsage()).thenReturn(false);
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class,

        assertEquals(testWindowSize, queryRescorerBuilder.windowSize().intValue());
    }

    public void test_evaluate_withNullParams() {
        // Test with null parameters - should throw NPE due to OpenSearch StoredLtrQueryBuilder requirements
        final String testModelName = "test_model";
        final int testWindowSize = 75;

        ComponentUtil.setFessConfig(new FessConfig.SimpleImpl() {

      future.get();
      fail("Expected ExecutionException");
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(expectedCause);
    }
  }

  /** invokeAny(null) throws NPE */
  public void testInvokeAnyImpl_nullTasks() throws Exception {
    ListeningExecutorService e = newDirectExecutorService();
    try {
      invokeAnyImpl(e, null, false, 0, NANOSECONDS);
      fail();

            fail("Expected NullPointerException");
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            // Expected
        }

        // equals with null input may return false instead of throwing NPE
        assertFalse(item3.equals(item1));
    }

    public void test_toString() {
        // Test toString method
        ProtwordsItem item = new ProtwordsItem(123, "testword");

            throw new RuntimeCIFSException("Usage count dropped below zero");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
        try {
            // Add null check to prevent NPE if object was not fully constructed
            if (this.usageCount != null && this.usageCount.get() != 0) {
                log.warn("Tree handle was not properly released, performing emergency cleanup: "

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeBytesWireFormat with null path returns minimal bytes")
    void testWriteWhenPathIsNull() {
        // When path is null, Strings.getOEMBytes returns empty array, not NPE
        when(mockConfig.getOemEncoding()).thenReturn("windows-1252");
        SmbComQueryInformation nullPathCmd = new SmbComQueryInformation(mockConfig, null);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[50];

        URLConnection conn = handler.openConnection(url);

        // Assert
        assertNotNull(conn);
        assertTrue(conn instanceof SmbFile);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("openConnection throws NPE for null URL")
    void testOpenConnectionWithNullUrl() {
        // Act & Assert
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> handler.openConnection(null));
    }

    @Test