// whether we are working on a transitive dependency or not. This
        // allows depMgmt to always override transitive dependencies, while
        // explicit child override depMgmt (viz. depMgmt should only
        // provide defaults to children, but should override transitives).
        // We can do this by calling isChildOfRootNode on the current node.

I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means.

It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code.

As an example, let's take this function:

            }
        } else {
            // Plugin version might be inherited from parent or pluginManagement
            context.debug("Plugin " + upgrade.groupId + ":" + upgrade.artifactId
                    + " has no explicit version, may inherit from parent");
            return false;
        }

        if (isProperty) {
            // Update property value if it's below minimum version

function <code>Syscall</code> in package <code>syscall</code> should
use the name <code>·Syscall</code> instead of the equivalent name
<code>syscall·Syscall</code> in its <code>TEXT</code> directive).
For more complex situations, explicit annotation is needed.
These annotations use pseudo-instructions defined in the standard
<code>#include</code> file <code>funcdata.h</code>.
</p>

<p>
If a function has no arguments and no results,

                    || descriptor.getRequiredMavenVersion().trim().isEmpty();

            if (isBlankVersion) {
                // only take value from underlying POM if plugin descriptor has no explicit Maven requirement
                descriptor.setRequiredMavenVersion(artifact.getProperty("requiredMavenVersion", null));
            }

            return descriptor;
        });

	if errCode != ErrNone {
		writeErrorResponse(ctx, w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(errCode), r.URL)
		return
	}

	if len(fanOutEntries) > 0 {
		// Once signature is validated, check if the user has
		// explicit permissions for the user.
		if !globalIAMSys.IsAllowed(policy.Args{
			AccountName:     cred.AccessKey,
			Groups:          cred.Groups,
			Action:          policy.PutObjectFanOutAction,

		is1x0 = true
	case major != "" || minor != "":
		return nil, nil // Unknown GNU sparse PAX version
	case hdr.PAXRecords[paxGNUSparseMap] != "":
		is1x0 = false // 0.0 and 0.1 did not have explicit version records, so guess
	default:
		return nil, nil // Not a PAX format GNU sparse file.
	}
	hdr.Format.mayOnlyBe(FormatPAX)

	// Update hdr from GNU sparse PAX headers.

	}

	return net.JoinHostPort(globalMinioHost, globalMinioPort)
}

// fetches a random number between range min-max.
func getRandomRange(minN, maxN int, seed int64) int {
	// special value -1 means no explicit seeding.
	if seed == -1 {
		return rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())).Intn(maxN-minN) + minN
	}
	return rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed)).Intn(maxN-minN) + minN
}

	}
	if context.CgoEnabled {
		ctags["cgo"] = true
	}
	for _, tag := range context.BuildTags {
		ctags[tag] = true
	}
	// TODO: ReleaseTags (need to load default)
	key := dir

	// explicit on GOOS and GOARCH as global cache will use "all" cached packages for
	// an indirect imported package. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/21181
	// for more detail.
	tags = append(tags, context.GOOS, context.GOARCH)

there is no guarantee that it will observe the initialized
value for <code>g.msg</code>.
</p>

<p>
In all these examples, the solution is the same:
use explicit synchronization.
</p>

<h2 id="badcompiler">Incorrect compilation</h2>

<p>
The Go memory model restricts compiler optimizations as much as it does Go programs.