* MinIO doesn't currently support PFX certificates.

### 3.1 Use `certgen` to Generate a Certificate

Download [`certgen`](https://github.com/minio/certgen/releases/latest) for your specific operating system and platform.

`certgen` is a simple *Go* tool to generate self-signed certificates, and provides SAN certificates with DNS and IP entries:

```sh

import pytest


def test_main():
    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
        from docs_src.app_testing.tutorial003_py39 import test_read_items

/// warning

The Pydantic team stopped support for Pydantic v1 for the latest versions of Python, starting with **Python 3.14**.

This includes `pydantic.v1`, which is no longer supported in Python 3.14 and above.

If you want to use the latest features of Python, you will need to make sure you use Pydantic v2.

///

      <version>1.0.0+</version>
      <description>Versioning information for "groupId/artifactId" or "groupId/artifactId/version" SNAPSHOT</description>
      <fields>
        <field>
          <name>latest</name>
          <version>1.0.0+</version>
          <type>String</type>

//// tab | Pydantic v2

В Pydantic версии 2 вы будете использовать атрибут `model_config`, который принимает `dict`, как описано в <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Документации Pydantic: Конфигурация</a>.

* 对被嵌入的模型也适用的编辑器支持（自动补全等）
* 数据转换
* 数据校验
* 自动生成文档

## 特殊的类型和校验

除了普通的单一值类型（如 `str`、`int`、`float` 等）外，你还可以使用从 `str` 继承的更复杂的单一值类型。

要了解所有的可用选项，请查看关于 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">来自 Pydantic 的外部类型</a> 的文档。你将在下一章节中看到一些示例。

例如，在 `Image` 模型中我们有一个 `url` 字段，我们可以把它声明为 Pydantic 的 `HttpUrl`，而不是 `str`：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <groupId>org.apache</groupId>
  <artifactId>apache</artifactId>
  <versioning>
    <latest>1</latest>
    <release>1</release>
    <versions>
      <version>1</version>
    </versions>
    <lastUpdated>20150428055824</lastUpdated>
  </versioning>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>0.1</version>
  <versioning>
    <latest>0.1</latest>
    <release>0.1</release>
    <versions>
      <version>0.1</version>
    </versions>
    <lastUpdated>20091023232454</lastUpdated>
  </versioning>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>0.1</version>
  <versioning>
    <latest>0.1</latest>
    <release>0.1</release>
    <versions>
      <version>0.1</version>
    </versions>
    <lastUpdated>20091023225125</lastUpdated>
  </versioning>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.its.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-it-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>0.1</version>
  <versioning>
    <latest>0.1</latest>
    <release>0.1</release>
    <versions>
      <version>0.1</version>
    </versions>
    <lastUpdated>20091023233513</lastUpdated>
  </versioning>