// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//

```

クエリパラメータの宣言と同様に、モデル属性がデフォルト値をもつとき、必須な属性ではなくなります。それ以外は必須になります。オプショナルな属性にしたい場合は `None` を使用してください。

例えば、上記のモデルは以下の様なJSON「`オブジェクト`」(もしくはPythonの `dict` ) を宣言しています:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

...`description` と `tax` はオプショナル (デフォルト値は `None`) なので、以下のJSON「`オブジェクト`」も有効です:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "price": 45.2

#### `Optional`

`Optional` bir değişkenin `str`gibi bir tipi olabileceğini ama isteğe bağlı olarak tipinin `None` olabileceğini belirtir:

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

`str` yerine `Optional[str]` kullanmak editorün bu değerin her zaman `str` tipinde değil bazen `None` tipinde de olabileceğini belirtir ve hataları tespit etmemizde yardımcı olur.

#### Generic tipler

  * More expressive node affinity syntax, and support for “soft” node affinity.
Node selectors (to constrain pods to schedule on a subset of nodes) now support
the operators {<code>In, NotIn, Exists, DoesNotExist, Gt, Lt</code>}  instead of just conjunction of exact match on node label values. In
addition, we’ve introduced a new “soft” kind of node selector that is just a

例えば、パスパラメータ`item_id`に対して`title`のメタデータを宣言するには以下のようにします:

```Python hl_lines="8"
{!../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "備考"

パスの一部でなければならないので、パスパラメータは常に必須です。

そのため、`...`を使用して必須と示す必要があります。

それでも、`None`で宣言しても、デフォルト値を設定しても、何の影響もなく、常に必要とされていることに変わりはありません。

///

## 必要に応じてパラメータを並び替える

クエリパラメータ`q`を必須の`str`として宣言したいとしましょう。

### Node binaries

filename | sha512 hash
-------- | -----------
[kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz](https://dl.k8s.io/v1.16.15/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz) | 7a8bd0a08a786da788f602ef977b0da5a1556456ed0979e15c51916b4dc618d31024c272320a5955e89711651dda2fcce6f21c993542f5fcbb0c4aa2bff0c094

 *
 * {@code CacheBuilder} builds caches with any combination of the following features:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>automatic loading of entries into the cache
 *   <li>least-recently-used eviction when a maximum size is exceeded (note that the cache is
 *       divided into segments, each of which does LRU internally)
 *   <li>time-based expiration of entries, measured since last access or last write
 *   <li>keys automatically wrapped in {@code WeakReference}

   */
  @SuppressWarnings({
    "AmbiguousMethodReference", // We chose the name despite knowing this risk.
    "Java7ApiChecker",
  })
  // If users use this when they shouldn't, we hope that NewApi will catch subsequent Optional calls
  @IgnoreJRERequirement
  @CheckForNull
  public static <T> java.util.Optional<T> toJavaUtil(@CheckForNull Optional<T> googleOptional) {

// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//

// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//