@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListRetainAllTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = {ZERO, ONE})
  public void testRetainAll_duplicatesKept() {

 * Implements the FSCTL_PIPE_WAIT control code used to wait for a named pipe
 * to become available when attempting to connect to a busy pipe.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public class FsctlPipeWaitRequest implements Encodable {

    private final byte[] nameBytes;
    private final long timeout;
    private final boolean timeoutSpecified;

    /**

 */
package jcifs.internal.smb2.rdma;

import jcifs.internal.util.SMBUtil;

/**
 * SMB2 RDMA Transform structure for READ/WRITE channel info.
 *
 * As per MS-SMB2 2.2.13.1.1 and 2.2.21.1.1
 */
public class Smb2RdmaTransform {

    // SMB_DIRECT_BUFFER_DESCRIPTOR_V1 structure
    private long offset; // 8 bytes: Offset within registered buffer
    private int token; // 4 bytes: RDMA provider token

import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

class NdrSmallTest {

    @Mock
    private NdrBuffer mockNdrBuffer;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    void testConstructor_validValue() {

 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.maven.artifact.repository;

/**
 * Authentication
 */
public class Authentication {

    private String privateKey;

    private String passphrase;

    public Authentication(String userName, String password) {
        this.username = userName;
        this.password = password;

 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.maven.artifact.versioning;

/**
 * Describes a restriction in versioning.
 *
 */
public class Restriction {
    private final ArtifactVersion lowerBound;

    private final boolean lowerBoundInclusive;

    private final ArtifactVersion upperBound;

    private final boolean upperBoundInclusive;

 * to the specific provider interface being implemented.
 * <p>
 * Example implementation for a custom language provider:
 * <pre>
 * public class CustomLanguageProvider implements LanguageProvider {
 *     public Collection&lt;Language&gt; provides() {
 *         return Arrays.asList(
 *             language("kotlin"),
 *             language("scala")
 *         );

import org.apache.maven.artifact.versioning.ArtifactVersion;
import org.apache.maven.repository.legacy.metadata.MetadataResolutionRequest;

@Named("test")
@Singleton
@Deprecated
public class TestMetadataSource implements ArtifactMetadataSource {
    @Inject
    private ArtifactFactory factory;

    @Override
    public ResolutionGroup retrieve(

{* ../../docs_src/query_param_models/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9:13,17] *}

**FastAPI** 將會從請求的**查詢參數**中**提取**出**每個欄位**的資料，並將其提供給你定義的 Pydantic 模型。

## 查看文件

你可以在 `/docs` 頁面的 UI 中查看查詢參數：

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/query-param-models/image01.png">
</div>

## 禁止額外的查詢參數

在一些特殊的使用場景中（可能不是很常見），你可能希望**限制**你要收到的查詢參數。

你可以使用 Pydantic 的模型設定來 `forbid`（禁止）任何 `extra`（額外）欄位：

以降のセクションは、すでにチュートリアルを読んで、その主要なアイデアを理解できていることを前提としています。

## テスト駆動開発のコース

このセクションの内容を補完するために脱初心者用コースを受けたい場合は、**TestDriven.io**による、<a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Test-Driven Development with FastAPI and Docker</a>を確認するのがよいかもしれません。