assertNotNull(ex.toString(), "toString should be safe to call");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @NullAndEmptySource
    @ValueSource(strings = { "oops", "multi word", "中文" })
    @DisplayName("Message+Cause constructor: preserves both values; no interactions with cause")
    void messageAndCauseConstructor_preservesBoth(String message) {
        // Arrange & Act

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tester to ensure forwarding wrapper works by delegating calls to the corresponding method with
 * the same parameters forwarded and return value forwarded back or exception propagated as is.
 *
 * <p>For example:
 *
 * {@snippet :

{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!}
```

////

/// info

De interne types tussen vierkante haakjes worden “typeparameters” genoemd.

In dit geval is `str` de typeparameter die wordt doorgegeven aan `List` (of `list` in Python 3.9 en hoger).

///

Dat betekent: “de variabele `items` is een `list`, en elk van de items in deze list is een `str`”.

/// tip

///

Para aprender o básico de HTTPS de uma perspectiva do usuário, verifique <a href="https://howhttps.works/pt-br/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/pt-br/</a>.

Agora, a partir de uma perspectiva do desenvolvedor, aqui estão algumas coisas para ter em mente ao pensar em HTTPS:

    echo "   --prop val     set fess property (i.e. -Des.<prop>=<val>)"
}

# Parse any long getopt options and put them into properties before calling getopt below
# Be dash compatible to make sure running under ubuntu works
ARGV=""
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
    case $1 in
      --help) ARGV="$ARGV -h"; shift;;
      --*=*) properties="$properties -Dfess.${1#--}"
           shift 1
           ;;
      --*) [ $# -le 1 ] && {

      for (int i = off; i < off + len; i++) {
        out.write(b[i]);
      }
    } else {
      out.write(b, off, len);
    }
    out.flush(); // for coverage
  }

  // TODO(chrisn): only works if we ensure we have crossed file threshold

  public void testWriteErrorAfterClose() throws Exception {
    byte[] data = newPreFilledByteArray(100);
    FileBackedOutputStream out = new FileBackedOutputStream(50);

Let's use the tools provided by **FastAPI** to handle security.

## How it looks { #how-it-looks }

Let's first just use the code and see how it works, and then we'll come back to understand what's happening.

## Create `main.py` { #create-main-py }

Copy the example in a file `main.py`:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py *}

## Run it { #run-it }

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() throws Exception {
        source = new Source();

        projectArtifact = createArtifactSpec("project", "1.0", null);
    }

    @Test
    @Disabled("works, but we don't fail on cycles presently")
    void testCircularDependencyNotIncludingCurrentProject()
            throws ArtifactResolutionException, InvalidVersionSpecificationException {

     */
    @Required
    @Min(-1)
    @Max(10000)
    @ValidateTypeFailure
    public Integer failureCountThreshold;

    /**
     * Enable or disable popular word tracking and display.
     * When enabled, frequently searched terms are tracked and displayed.
     */
    @Size(max = 10)
    public String popularWord;

    /**

    @Test
    public void testConvertWithLongText() throws IOException {
        // Test convert with long text
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            sb.append("word").append(i).append(" ");
        }
        String text = sb.toString();
        String field = "content";

        List<String> results = converter.convert(text, field, "en");

        assertNotNull(results);