```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (or `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) has a default of `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` has a default of an empty list: `[]`.

but you might want to omit them from the result if they were not actually stored.

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (ou `str | None = None` no Python 3.10) tem um padrão de `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` tem um padrão de `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` tem um padrão de uma lista vazia: `[]`.

mas você pode querer omiti-los do resultado se eles não foram realmente armazenados.

	return strings.ToLower(toString(val))
}

// toInteger _ Safely convert interface to integer without causing panic.
func toInteger(val any) (int64, error) {
	switch v := val.(type) {
	case float64:
		return int64(v), nil
	case int64:
		return v, nil
	case int:
		return int64(v), nil
	case string:
		i, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
		return int64(i), err
	default:

Die Funktionsparameter werden wie folgt erkannt:

* Wenn der Parameter auch im **Pfad** deklariert wurde, wird er als Pfad-Parameter verwendet.
* Wenn der Parameter ein **einfacher Typ** ist (wie `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool`, usw.), wird er als **Query**-Parameter interpretiert.
* Wenn der Parameter vom Typ eines **Pydantic-Modells** ist, wird er als Request**body** interpretiert.

/// note | Hinweis

**FastAPI** 支持同时声明**请求体**、**路径参数**和**查询参数**。

**FastAPI** 能够正确识别这三种参数，并从正确的位置获取数据。

{* ../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py hl[16] *}

函数参数按如下规则进行识别：

- **路径**中声明了相同参数的参数，是路径参数
- 类型是（`int`、`float`、`str`、`bool` 等）**单类型**的参数，是**查询**参数
- 类型是 **Pydantic 模型**的参数，是**请求体**

/// note | 笔记

因为默认值是 `None`， FastAPI 会把 `q` 当作可选参数。

FastAPI 不使用 `Optional[str]` 中的 `Optional`， 但 `Optional` 可以让编辑器提供更好的支持，并检测错误。

	}

	switch funcName {
	case aggFnCount:
		// For all non-null values, the count is incremented.
		e.aggregate.runningCount++

	case aggFnAvg, aggFnSum:
		e.aggregate.runningCount++
		// Convert to float.
		f, ok := argVal.ToFloat()
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("Could not convert value %v (%s) to a number", argVal.value, argVal.GetTypeString())
		}
		argVal.setFloat(f)