This is just a **quick tutorial / refresher** about Python type hints. It covers only the minimum necessary to use them with **FastAPI**... which is actually very little.

**FastAPI** is all based on these type hints, they give it many advantages and benefits.

But even if you never use **FastAPI**, you would benefit from learning a bit about them.

/// note

   * {@code Map<T, Something>} to {@code Map<String, Something>} etc. Similarly, {@code formal} and
   * {@code actual} can be {@code Map<K, V>} and {@code Map<String, Integer>} respectively, or they
   * can be {@code E[]} and {@code String[]} respectively, or even any arbitrary combination
   * thereof.
   *
   * @param formal The type whose type variables or itself is mapped to other type(s). It's almost

   *
   * <p>The array {@code rest} must not be longer than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1}.
   */
  // Use (first, rest) so that `of(someIntArray)` won't compile (they should use copyOf), which is
  // okay since we have to copy the just-created array anyway.
  public static ImmutableIntArray of(int first, int... rest) {
    checkArgument(

     * Wrapper<Number>, Wrapper<Integer>, Wrapper<@Nullable Integer>, etc. If we used just
     * Equivalence<? super T> below, no type could satisfy both that bound and T's own
     * bound. With this type, they have some overlap: in our example, Equivalence<Number>
     * and Equivalence<Object>.
     */
    private final Equivalence<? super @NonNull T> equivalence;

    @ParametricNullness private final T reference;

            dr.share = arr[2];
            dr.path = arr[3];
            dr.pathConsumed = consumed;

            /*
             * Samba has a tendency to return pathConsumed values so that they consume a trailing slash of the
             * requested path. Normalize this here.
             */
            if (reqPath.charAt(consumed - 1) == '\\') {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {

            assertNotEquals(Smb2Constants.SMB2_NEGOTIATE_SIGNING_ENABLED, Smb2Constants.SMB2_NEGOTIATE_SIGNING_REQUIRED,
                    "Signing flags must be distinct");

            // Verify they can be combined with bitwise OR
            int combined = Smb2Constants.SMB2_NEGOTIATE_SIGNING_ENABLED | Smb2Constants.SMB2_NEGOTIATE_SIGNING_REQUIRED;

  }

  /**
   * Returns a list of delegate futures that correspond to the futures received in the order that
   * they complete. Delegate futures return the same value or throw the same exception as the
   * corresponding input future returns/throws.
   *
   * <p>"In the order that they complete" means, for practical purposes, about what you would

And many teams use only `PUT`, even for partial updates.

You are **free** to use them however you want, **FastAPI** doesn't impose any restrictions.

But this guide shows you, more or less, how they are intended to be used.

///

### Using Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter { #using-pydantics-exclude-unset-parameter }

## Rewriting Responses

If transparent compression was used, OkHttp will drop the corresponding response headers `Content-Encoding` and `Content-Length` because they don’t apply to the decompressed response body.

If a conditional GET was successful, responses from the network and cache are merged as directed by the spec.

## Follow-up Requests

   * whether our solution scales to use with multiple exception types and to whether it is affected
   * by other {@code ClassValue} users. Some of the benchmarked implementations don't use one or
   * both of these mechanisms, so they will be unaffected.
   */
  @Param({"0", "1", "12"})
  int otherEntriesInDataStructure;

  final List<ClassValue<?>> retainedReferencesToOtherClassValues = new ArrayList<>();

  @BeforeExperiment