/**
 * Interface for objects that can be decoded from a byte buffer.
 * This interface provides methods for deserializing data from SMB protocol messages.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public interface Decodable {

    /**
     * Decode data from a byte buffer
     *
     * @param buffer the byte buffer containing the data to decode
     * @param bufferIndex the starting index in the buffer
     * @param len the maximum length of data to decode

     */
    @Override
    public int decode(final byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex, final int len) throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        final int start = bufferIndex;
        this.replaceIfExists = buffer[bufferIndex] != 0;
        bufferIndex += 8;
        bufferIndex += 8;

        final int nameLen = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 4;

        SMBUtil.writeTime(TEST_LAST_WRITE_TIME, buffer, bufferIndex + 16);
        SMBUtil.writeTime(TEST_CHANGE_TIME, buffer, bufferIndex + 24);
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(TEST_ATTRIBUTES, buffer, bufferIndex + 32);

        // When
        int bytesDecoded = fileBasicInfo.decode(buffer, bufferIndex, buffer.length);

        // Then
        assertEquals(36, bytesDecoded);

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_py310.py hl[7] *}

### Better with `Annotated` { #better-with-annotated }

Keep in mind that if you use `Annotated`, as you are not using function parameter default values, you won't have this problem, and you probably won't need to use `*`.

        final int start = bufferIndex;

        final int structureSize = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex);
        if (structureSize != 9) {
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException("Expected structureSize = 9");
        }

        final int bufferOffset = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex + 2) + getHeaderStart();

    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(128);

        buffer.append('[').append(getSeverity()).append("] ");
        buffer.append(getMessage());
        buffer.append(" @ ").append(ModelProblemUtils.formatLocation(this, null));

        return buffer.toString();
    }

    assertOnFileDescriptor(content = "Hello") { fd ->
      val requestBody = fd.toRequestBody()

      val buffer = Buffer()
      requestBody.writeTo(buffer)
      assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("Hello")

      assertThrows(IOException::class.java) {
        requestBody.writeTo(Buffer())
      }
    }
  }

  @Test
  fun testFileDescriptorAfterClose() {

    /**
     * Verifies the signature of this response.
     *
     * @param buffer the buffer containing the signature data
     * @param i the starting index in the buffer
     * @param size the size of the signature data
     * @return whether signature verification is successful
     */
    boolean verifySignature(byte[] buffer, int i, int size);

    /**
     * Checks if signature verification failed.
     *

                if (!currentArg.isEmpty()) {
                    currentArg.setLength(currentArg.length() - 1);
                }

                cleaned.add(currentArg.toString());

                currentArg = null;
                continue;
            }

            // if we haven't added this arg to the buffer, and we ARE building an argument

        // Encode to buffer
        byte[] buffer = new byte[50];
        int encodedBytes = original.encode(buffer, 0);

        // Decode to new instance (decode reads 36 bytes, encode writes 40)
        FileBasicInfo decoded = new FileBasicInfo();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 36);

        // Verify encoding/decoding