这些环境变量只能处理**文本字符串**，因为它们是处于 Python 范畴之外的，必须与其他程序和操作系统的其余部分兼容（甚至与不同的操作系统兼容，如 Linux、Windows、macOS）。

这意味着从环境变量中读取的**任何值**在 Python 中都将是一个 `str`，任何类型转换或验证都必须在代码中完成。

你将在[高级用户指南 - 设置和环境变量](./advanced/settings.md)中了解更多关于使用环境变量处理**应用程序设置**的信息。

## `PATH` 环境变量 { #path-environment-variable }

有一个**特殊的**环境变量称为 **`PATH`**，操作系统（Linux、macOS、Windows）用它来查找要运行的程序。

 * streams.
 *
 * <p><i>Performance notes:</i> Unless otherwise noted, all of the iterables produced in this class
 * are <i>lazy</i>, which means that their iterators only advance the backing iteration when
 * absolutely necessary.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/CollectionUtilitiesExplained#iterables">{@code
 * Iterables}</a>.
 *

labels.google_chat_webhook_urls=Google Chat Webhook URLs
labels.log_notification_enabled=Log Notification
labels.log_notification_level=Log Notification Level
labels.notification_advance_search=Advanced Search Page
labels.ldap_security_authentication=Security Authentication
labels.ldap_initial_context_factory=Initial Context Factory
labels.general_menu_oic=OpenID Connect
labels.oic_client_id=Client ID

labels.google_chat_webhook_urls=Google Chat Webhook URLs
labels.log_notification_enabled=Log Notification
labels.log_notification_level=Log Notification Level
labels.notification_advance_search=Advanced Search Page
labels.ldap_security_authentication=Security Authentication
labels.ldap_initial_context_factory=Initial Context Factory
labels.general_menu_oic=OpenID Connect
labels.oic_client_id=Client ID

        // Trip circuit
        circuitBreaker.trip();
        Thread.sleep(100);

        long afterTripTime = circuitBreaker.getTimeSinceLastStateChange();
        assertTrue(afterTripTime >= 100, "Time should have advanced");
        assertTrue(afterTripTime < 200, "Time should be reasonable");

        // Reset circuit
        circuitBreaker.reset();
        Thread.sleep(50);

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

/// note | Remarque

Remarquez l'en-tête `Authorization`, avec une valeur qui commence par `Bearer `.

///

## Utilisation avancée avec `scopes` { #advanced-usage-with-scopes }

OAuth2 comporte la notion de « scopes ».

Vous pouvez les utiliser pour ajouter un ensemble spécifique d'autorisations à un jeton JWT.

//// tab | 测试

* you
* your

* e.g.
* etc.

* `foo` as an `int`
* `bar` as a `str`
* `baz` as a `list`

* the Tutorial - User guide
* the Advanced User Guide
* the SQLModel docs
* the API docs
* the automatic docs

* Data Science
* Deep Learning
* Machine Learning
* Dependency Injection
* HTTP Basic authentication
* HTTP Digest

Це буде корисно, наприклад, для коректної обробки перенаправлень.

/// tip | Порада

Ви можете дізнатися більше про це в документації [За проксі - Увімкнути направлені заголовки проксі](../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md#enable-proxy-forwarded-headers)

///

## Підсумок { #recap }

상대 URL을 사용하므로, 예를 들어 API가 `https://example.com/`에 있다면 `https://example.com/token`을 가리킵니다. 하지만 API가 `https://example.com/api/v1/`에 있다면 `https://example.com/api/v1/token`을 가리킵니다.

상대 URL을 사용하는 것은 [프록시 뒤에서](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md) 같은 고급 사용 사례에서도 애플리케이션이 계속 동작하도록 보장하는 데 중요합니다.

///

이 파라미터는 그 endpoint / *경로 처리*를 만들지는 않지만, URL `/token`이 클라이언트가 token을 얻기 위해 사용해야 할 URL이라고 선언합니다. 이 정보는 OpenAPI에 사용되고, 이어서 대화형 API 문서 시스템에서도 사용됩니다.

        // Decode
        int bytesDecoded = smbInfoAllocation.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        // Verify - actual implementation reads 20 bytes (4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4)
        // bytesPerSect is read as Int2 but advances by 4 bytes (padding)
        assertEquals(20, bytesDecoded);

        // Verify capacity calculation: alloc * sectPerAlloc * bytesPerSect
        long expectedCapacity = alloc * sectPerAlloc * bytesPerSect;