# Body – Aktualisierungen

## Ersetzendes Aktualisieren mit `PUT`

Um einen Artikel zu aktualisieren, können Sie die <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PUT" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTP `PUT`</a> Operation verwenden.

# テスト

<a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> のおかげで、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのテストは簡単で楽しいものになっています。

<a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。

これを使用すると、**FastAPI** と共に <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> を直接利用できます。

## `TestClient` を使用

`TestClient` をインポートします。

All these parameters can be different than "`static`", adjust them with the needs and specific details of your own application.

## More info

İstek gövdesinde JSON verisi yerine form alanlarını karşılamanız gerketiğinde `Form` sınıfını kullanabilirsiniz.

/// info | "Bilgi"

Formları kullanmak için öncelikle <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a> paketini indirmeniz gerekmektedir.

Örneğin `pip install python-multipart`.

///

## `Form` Sınıfını Projenize Dahil Edin

    * O Pydantic também permite representá-lo como uma "codificação ISO 8601 diferença de tempo", <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/" class="external-link" target="_blank">cheque a documentação para mais informações</a>.
* `frozenset`:
    * Em requisições e respostas, será tratado da mesma forma que um `set`:

 * most elements' text contents. When possible, avoid manual escaping by using templating
 * systems and high-level APIs that provide autoescaping.
 * One Google-authored templating system available for external use is <a
 * href="https://developers.google.com/closure/templates/">Closure Templates</a>.
 *
 * <p>HTML escaping is particularly tricky: For example, <a

👉 🔢 📨 ⚙️ **FastAPI**, 👆 ✍ 🔛.

### `ORJSONResponse`

⏩ 🎛 🎻 📨 ⚙️ <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, 👆 ✍ 🔛.

### `UJSONResponse`

🎛 🎻 📨 ⚙️ <a href="https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ujson`</a>.

/// warning

`ujson` 🌘 💛 🌘 🐍 🏗-🛠️ ❔ ⚫️ 🍵 📐-💼.

///

```Python hl_lines="2  7"

  // operation, i.e. the external-attacher.
  optional bool attached = 1;

  // attachmentMetadata is populated with any
  // information returned by the attach operation, upon successful attach, that must be passed
  // into subsequent WaitForAttach or Mount calls.
  // This field must only be set by the entity completing the attach
  // operation, i.e. the external-attacher.
  // +optional

personalizados podem ser adicionados <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">usando o prefixo 'X-'</a>.

Mas se você tiver cabeçalhos personalizados desejando que um cliente em um navegador esteja apto a ver, você precisa adicioná-los às suas configurações CORS ([CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) usando o parâmetro `expose_headers` documentado em <a href="https://www.starlette.io/mi...

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note | "笔记"

更多细节详见 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette 官档 - 测试 WebSockets</a>。