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docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: Union[float, None] = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Sat May 14 11:59:59 GMT 2022

- 900 bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

docs_src/dependencies/tutorial014_an_py310.py

import time
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine

engine = create_engine("postgresql+psycopg://postgres:postgres@localhost/db")


class User(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str


app = FastAPI()


def get_session():

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Mon Sep 29 03:29:38 GMT 2025

- 957 bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

tests/test_security_scopes.py

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(name="call_counter")
def call_counter_fixture():
    return {"count": 0}


@pytest.fixture(name="app")
def app_fixture(call_counter: dict[str, int]):
    def get_db():
        call_counter["count"] += 1
        return f"db_{call_counter['count']}"

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Wed Dec 17 21:25:59 GMT 2025

- 1006 bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

tests/test_security_scopes_dont_propagate.py

# Ref: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/5623

from typing import Annotated, Any

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


async def security1(scopes: SecurityScopes):
    return scopes.scopes


async def security2(scopes: SecurityScopes):
    return scopes.scopes


async def dep3(

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Wed Dec 17 21:25:59 GMT 2025

- 973 bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial002_an_py39.py

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Union[int, None] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    secret_name: str


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Wed Oct 09 19:44:42 GMT 2024

- 2.5K bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import (
    Cookie,
    Depends,
    FastAPI,
    Query,
    WebSocket,
    WebSocketException,
    status,
)
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()

html = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Chat</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>WebSocket Chat</h1>
        <form action="" onsubmit="sendMessage(event)">

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Sat Mar 18 12:29:59 GMT 2023

- 2.8K bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

tests/test_webhooks_security.py

from datetime import datetime
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import HTTPBearer
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

bearer_scheme = HTTPBearer()


class Subscription(BaseModel):
    username: str
    monthly_fee: float
    start_date: datetime


@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")
def new_subscription(

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Wed Dec 17 21:25:59 GMT 2025

- 4.5K bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

fastapi/exceptions.py

from collections.abc import Sequence
from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional, TypedDict, Union

from annotated_doc import Doc
from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as StarletteWebSocketException


class EndpointContext(TypedDict, total=False):
    function: str
    path: str
    file: str
    line: int

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Sat Dec 27 12:54:56 GMT 2025

- 6.8K bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py310.py

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            openapi_examples={

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Sat Aug 26 18:03:13 GMT 2023

- 1.5K bytes

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github.com/tiangolo/fastapi

docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_py39.py

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Item = Body(
        openapi_examples={
            "normal": {

Created: Sun Dec 28 07:19:09 GMT 2025

- Last Modified: Wed Dec 17 20:41:43 GMT 2025

- 1.4K bytes

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