```Python hl_lines="2  7 8 9 10  23 24 25"
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: bool = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):

    List<Double> one = Arrays.asList(1.0);
    assertThat(Doubles.toArray(one)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

    double[] array = {0.0, 1.0, Math.PI};

    List<Double> three = Arrays.asList(0.0, 1.0, Math.PI);
    assertThat(Doubles.toArray(three)).isEqualTo(array);

    assertThat(Doubles.toArray(Doubles.asList(array))).isEqualTo(array);
  }

  public void testToArray_threadSafe() {

    List<Long> one = Arrays.asList(1L);
    assertThat(Longs.toArray(one)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

    long[] array = {0L, 1L, 0x0FF1C1AL};

    List<Long> three = Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 0x0FF1C1AL);
    assertThat(Longs.toArray(three)).isEqualTo(array);

    assertThat(Longs.toArray(Longs.asList(array))).isEqualTo(array);
  }

  public void testToArray_threadSafe() {

    List<Short> one = Arrays.asList((short) 1);
    assertThat(Shorts.toArray(one)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

    short[] array = {(short) 0, (short) 1, (short) 3};

    List<Short> three = Arrays.asList((short) 0, (short) 1, (short) 3);
    assertThat(Shorts.toArray(three)).isEqualTo(array);

    assertThat(Shorts.toArray(Shorts.asList(array))).isEqualTo(array);
  }

  public void testToArray_threadSafe() {

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

    @Override
    protected Map<String, Integer> makePopulatedMap() {
      Table<Character, String, Integer> table = makeTable();
      table.put('a', "one", 1);
      table.put('a', "two", 2);
      table.put('a', "three", 3);
      table.put('b', "four", 4);
      return table.row('a');
    }
  }

  static final Function<@Nullable Integer, @Nullable Integer> DIVIDE_BY_2 =

    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      limiter.acquire(); // // #1
    }
    stopwatch.sleepMillis(4500); // #2: back to cold state (warmup period + repay last acquire)
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { // only three steps, we're somewhere in the warmup period
      limiter.acquire(); // #3
    }

    limiter.setRate(4.0); // double the rate!
    limiter.acquire(); // #4, we repay the debt of the last acquire (imposed by the old rate)

    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      limiter.acquire(); // // #1
    }
    stopwatch.sleepMillis(4500); // #2: back to cold state (warmup period + repay last acquire)
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { // only three steps, we're somewhere in the warmup period
      limiter.acquire(); // #3
    }

    limiter.setRate(4.0); // double the rate!
    limiter.acquire(); // #4, we repay the debt of the last acquire (imposed by the old rate)

        // Act
        assertTrue(itr.hasNext());
        SmbResource r = itr.next();

        // Assert: filter was invoked twice and we got the accepted one
        ArgumentCaptor<SmbResource> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SmbResource.class);
        verify(filter, times(2)).accept(captor.capture());
        assertNotNull(r);