of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,

        // if removeAll returns true, all we really know is that at least one subscriber was
        // removed... however, barring something very strange we can assume that if at least one
        // subscriber was removed, all subscribers on listener for that event type were... after
        // all, the definition of subscribers on a particular class is totally static

 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>The one downside of {@code Stopwatch} relative to {@link System#nanoTime()} is that {@code
 * Stopwatch} requires object allocation and additional method calls, which can reduce the accuracy
 * of the elapsed times reported. {@code Stopwatch} is still suitable for logging and metrics where
 * reasonably accurate values are sufficient. If the uncommon case that you need to maximize

 * </ul>
 */
@SuppressWarnings({
  // We call threadUnexpectedException, which does the right thing for errors.
  "AssertionFailureIgnored",
  // We're following the upstream naming to reduce diffs.
  "IdentifierName",
  "ConstantCaseForConstants",
})
@NullUnmarked
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible
abstract class JSR166TestCase extends TestCase {
  private static final long LONG_DELAY_MS = 10000;

    full_name = user_dict["full_name"],
    hashed_password = hashed_password,
)
```

/// warning

輔助函式 `fake_password_hasher` 與 `fake_save_user` 只是用來示範資料流程，並不提供任何實際的安全性。

///

## 減少重複 { #reduce-duplication }

減少程式碼重複是 FastAPI 的核心理念之一。

因為重複的程式碼會提高發生錯誤、安全性問題、程式不同步（某處更新但其他處未更新）等風險。

而這些模型共享大量資料，重複了屬性名稱與型別。

我們可以做得更好。

我們可以宣告一個作為基底的 `UserBase` 模型，其他模型繼承它成為子類別，沿用其屬性（型別宣告、驗證等）。

      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,

          protocol = Protocol.HTTP_2,
          socket = bufferedSocket,
          pingIntervalMillis = 0,
          connectionListener = ConnectionListener.NONE,
        )
      result.idleAtNs = idleAtNs
      return result
    }
  }

      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,

warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or 
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining 
the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks 
associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 

8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether 

            args[i] != null || isNullable(param));
      }
    }
    return args;
  }

  private <T> @Nullable T getDefaultValue(TypeToken<T> type) {
    // We assume that all defaults are generics-safe, even if they aren't,
    // we take the risk.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    T defaultValue = (T) defaults.getInstance(type.getRawType());
    if (defaultValue != null) {