///

This will let **FastAPI** know that this parameter is required.

### Required, can be `None`

You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.

To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `...` as the default:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="9"

type AuditLogOptions struct {
	Event     string
	APIName   string
	Status    string
	Bucket    string
	Object    string
	VersionID string
	Error     string
	Tags      map[string]string
}

// sends audit logs for internal subsystem activity
func auditLogInternal(ctx context.Context, opts AuditLogOptions) {
	if len(logger.AuditTargets()) == 0 {
		return
	}

	entry := audit.NewEntry(globalDeploymentID())

labels.ldap_base_dn=Base-DN
labels.ldap_account_filter=Konto-Filter
labels.ldap_memberof_attribute=memberOf-Attribut
labels.notification_login=Anmeldeseite
labels.notification_search_top=Suche Top-Seite
labels.send_testmail=Sende Testmail
labels.backup_configuration=Sichern
labels.backup_name=Name
labels.backup_bulk_file=Bulk-Datei
labels.backup_button_upload=Hochladen

	// https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/create-signed-request.html

	// Any value must end with a newline.
	// Not all clients send that.
	trailerRaw := valueBuffer.Bytes()
	if len(trailerRaw) > 0 && trailerRaw[len(trailerRaw)-1] != '\n' {
		valueBuffer.Write([]byte{'\n'})
	}
	sig = sig[len("x-amz-trailer-signature:"):]

			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
				err = nil
			}
			break
		}

		stat = append(stat, st)
	}

	return stat, toStorageErr(err)
}

// ReadMultiple will read multiple files and send each back as response.
// Files are read and returned in the given order.
// The resp channel is closed before the call returns.
// Only a canceled context or network errors returns an error.

	}

	// Query IAM

	res, err := globalIAMSys.QueryLDAPPolicyEntities(r.Context(), q)
	if err != nil {
		writeErrorResponseJSON(ctx, w, toAdminAPIErr(ctx, err), r.URL)
		return
	}

	// Encode result and send response.

	data, err := json.Marshal(res)
	if err != nil {
		writeErrorResponseJSON(ctx, w, toAdminAPIErr(ctx, err), r.URL)
		return
	}
	password := cred.SecretKey

// implied by the type argument.
func clear[T ~[]Type | ~map[Type]Type1](t T)

// The close built-in function closes a channel, which must be either
// bidirectional or send-only. It should be executed only by the sender,
// never the receiver, and has the effect of shutting down the channel after
// the last sent value is received. After the last value has been received

// such as ".." and "."
func hasBadPathComponent(path string) bool {
	if len(path) > 4096 {
		// path cannot be greater than Linux PATH_MAX
		// this is to avoid a busy loop, that can happen
		// if the caller sends path of following style
		// a/a/a/a/a/a/a/a...
		return true
	}
	path = filepath.ToSlash(strings.TrimSpace(path)) // For windows '\' must be converted to '/'
	for _, p := range strings.Split(path, SlashSeparator) {

No mesmo ponto, você tenta acionar o preenchimento automático com o `Ctrl+Space` e vê:

<img src="/img/python-types/image02.png">

Com isso, você pode rolar, vendo as opções, até encontrar o que "soa familiar":

<img src="/img/python-types/image03.png">

## Mais motivação

Verifique esta função, ela já possui type hints:

```Python hl_lines="1"

Em muitos casos, OAuth2 com escopos pode ser um exagero.

Mas se você sabe que precisa, ou está curioso, continue lendo.

///

## Escopos OAuth2 e OpenAPI

A especificação OAuth2 define "escopos" como uma lista de strings separadas por espaços.