```Python hl_lines="3"
{!../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

Aqui, a variável `app` será uma "instância" da classe `FastAPI`.

Este será o principal ponto de interação para criar toda a sua API.

Este `app` é o mesmo referenciado por `uvicorn` no comando:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

## **FastAPI**'s `OAuth2PasswordBearer`

**FastAPI** fornece várias ferramentas, em diferentes níveis de abstração, para implementar esses recursos de segurança.

Neste exemplo, nós vamos usar o **OAuth2** com o fluxo de **Senha**, usando um token **Bearer**. Fazemos isso usando a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`.

/// info | "informação"



///

  public int hashCode() {
    return lowerBound.hashCode() * 31 + upperBound.hashCode();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string representation of this range, such as {@code "[3..5)"} (other examples are
   * listed in the class documentation).
   */
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return toString(lowerBound, upperBound);
  }

  private static String toString(Cut<?> lowerBound, Cut<?> upperBound) {

`Cluster` is pushed, so this optimization is intentionally turned off in this specific case.

Finally, we determine which subset of the type we need to generate. XDS has two modes - "State of the World (SotW)" and "Delta". In SotW, we generally need to generate all resources of the type, even if only one changed. Note that we actually need to *generate* all of them, typically, as we do not store previously generated resources (mostly because they are generated per-client). This also means...

   * <p>The function is applied lazily, invoked when needed. This is necessary for the returned
   * multimap to be a view, but it means that the function will be applied many times for bulk
   * operations like {@link Multimap#containsValue} and {@code Multimap.toString()}. For this to
   * perform well, {@code function} should be fast. To avoid lazy evaluation when the returned

    return big.bitLength() <= 31;
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // NullPointerTester
  public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.setDefault(int.class, 1);
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(IntMath.class);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // isPrime is GWT-incompatible
  public void testIsPrime() {
    // Defer correctness tests to Long.isPrime

import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * This abstract base class for testers allows the framework to inject needed information after
 * JUnit constructs the instances.
 *
 * <p>This class is emulated in GWT.
 *
 * @param <G> the type of the test generator required by this tester. An instance of G should
 *     somehow provide an instance of the class under test, plus any other information required to

import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * This abstract base class for testers allows the framework to inject needed information after
 * JUnit constructs the instances.
 *
 * <p>This class is emulated in GWT.
 *
 * @param <G> the type of the test generator required by this tester. An instance of G should
 *     somehow provide an instance of the class under test, plus any other information required to

## O que é "Injeção de Dependência"

**"Injeção de Dependência"** no mundo da programação significa, que existe uma maneira de declarar no seu código (nesse caso, suas *funções de operação de rota*) para declarar as coisas que ele precisa para funcionar e que serão utilizadas: "dependências".

Então, esse sistema (nesse caso o **FastAPI**) se encarrega de fazer o que for preciso para fornecer essas dependências para o código ("injetando" as dependências).

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

/**
 * Verifies exclusions listed in dependencyManagement are valid for
 * transitive dependencies.
 *
 */
@Deprecated
class ProjectInheritanceTest extends AbstractProjectInheritanceTestCase {