from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            examples=[
                {

from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
from typing import Union
from uuid import UUID

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    end_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    process_after: timedelta = Body(),
    repeat_at: Union[time, None] = Body(default=None),
):

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request

app = FastAPI()


def magic_data_reader(raw_body: bytes):
    return {
        "size": len(raw_body),
        "content": {
            "name": "Maaaagic",
            "price": 42,
            "description": "Just kiddin', no magic here. ✨",
        },
    }


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    openapi_extra={
        "requestBody": {
            "content": {

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ..utils import needs_pydanticv2


@needs_pydanticv2
def test_recursive():
    from .app_pv2 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get("/items/recursive")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "sub_items": [{"name": "subitem", "sub_items": []}],
        "name": "item",
    }

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

Aber FastAPI (eigentlich Starlette) bietet eine einfachere Möglichkeit, welche sicherstellt, dass die internen Middlewares zur Behandlung von Serverfehlern und benutzerdefinierten Exceptionhandlern ordnungsgemäß funktionieren.

Dazu verwenden Sie `app.add_middleware()` (wie schon im Beispiel für CORS gesehen).

from fastapi.routing import APIRoute

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
    """
    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
    names.

    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
    """
    for route in app.routes:

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, status
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
async def validation_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError):
    return JSONResponse(
        status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial006c import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_redirect_status_code():
    response = client.get("/pydantic", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 302
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://docs.pydantic.dev/"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = Field(
        default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300
    )
    price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")