import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Serializes execution of tasks, somewhat like an "asynchronous {@code synchronized} block." Each
 * {@linkplain #submit enqueued} callable will not be submitted to its associated executor until the

   * elements than this queue), the element in the array immediately following the end of the queue
   * is set to {@code null}.
   *
   * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between array-based and
   * collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows precise control over the runtime type of the

 *
 * <p>The primary way to provide the data that your hash function should act on is via a {@link
 * Hasher}. Obtain a new hasher from the hash function using {@link #newHasher}, "push" the relevant
 * data into it using methods like {@link Hasher#putBytes(byte[])}, and finally ask for the {@code
 * HashCode} when finished using {@link Hasher#hash}. (See an {@linkplain #newHasher example} of
 * this.)
 *

 *
 * <p>The primary way to provide the data that your hash function should act on is via a {@link
 * Hasher}. Obtain a new hasher from the hash function using {@link #newHasher}, "push" the relevant
 * data into it using methods like {@link Hasher#putBytes(byte[])}, and finally ask for the {@code
 * HashCode} when finished using {@link Hasher#hash}. (See an {@linkplain #newHasher example} of
 * this.)
 *

 *     normally {@code Object} unless it is constrained by using a method like {@link
 *     #removalListener}. Cache keys may not be null.
 * @param <V> the most general value type this builder will be able to create caches for. This is
 *     normally {@code Object} unless it is constrained by using a method like {@link
 *     #removalListener}. Cache values may not be null.
 * @author Charles Fry

  /**
   * The current state of the service. This should be written with the lock held but can be read
   * without it because it is an immutable object in a volatile field. This is desirable so that
   * methods like {@link #state}, {@link #failureCause} and notably {@link #toString} can be run
   * without grabbing the lock.
   *
   * <p>To update this field correctly the lock must be held to guarantee that the state is
   * consistent.

        // Create a file that exists but will cause an IOException when read
        File lmhostsFile = tempDir.resolve("lmhosts").toFile();
        lmhostsFile.createNewFile();

        // Make file unreadable on Unix-like systems
        boolean isWindows = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows");
        if (!isWindows) {
            assertTrue(lmhostsFile.setReadable(false));
        }

  }

  public void testMergeSorted_pyramid() {
    List<Iterable<Integer>> iterables = new LinkedList<>();
    List<Integer> allIntegers = new ArrayList<>();

    // Creates iterators like: {{}, {0}, {0, 1}, {0, 1, 2}, ...}
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      List<Integer> list = new LinkedList<>();
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        list.add(j);
        allIntegers.add(j);
      }

      sink.finished -> throw IOException("stream finished")
      errorCode != null -> throw errorException ?: StreamResetException(errorCode!!)
    }
  }

  /**
   * Like [Object.wait], but throws an [InterruptedIOException] when interrupted instead of the more
   * awkward [InterruptedException].
   */
  @Throws(InterruptedIOException::class)
  internal fun waitForIo() {
    try {

 * we recommend using <i>these</i> classes instead for this reason (as well as for consistency).
 *
 * <h4>Creation</h4>
 *
 * <p>Except for logically "abstract" types like {@code ImmutableCollection} itself, each {@code
 * Immutable} type provides the static operations you need to obtain instances of that type. These
 * usually include:
 *
 * <ul>