Let's first focus on the dependency.

It is just a function that can take all the same parameters that a *path operation function* can take:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[8:9] *}

That's it.

**2 lines**.

And it has the same shape and structure that all your *path operation functions* have.

You can think of it as a *path operation function* without the "decorator" (without the `@app.get("/some-path")`).

### Otras funciones de utilidad { #other-utility-functions }

Cualquier otra función de utilidad que llames directamente puede ser creada con `def` normal o `async def` y FastAPI no afectará la forma en que la llames.

Esto contrasta con las funciones que FastAPI llama por ti: *path operation functions* y dependencias.

   *
   * @param function A Function to transform the results of this future to the results of the
   *     returned future.
   * @param executor Executor to run the function in.
   * @return A future that holds result of the transformation.
   */
  public final <T extends @Nullable Object> FluentFuture<T> transform(
      Function<? super V, T> function, Executor executor) {

* `"function"`: startet die Abhängigkeit vor der *Pfadoperation-Funktion*, die den Request bearbeitet, beendet die Abhängigkeit nach dem Ende der *Pfadoperation-Funktion*, aber **bevor** die Response an den Client zurückgesendet wird. Die Abhängigkeitsfunktion wird also **um** die *Pfadoperation-**Funktion*** **herum** ausgeführt.

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Functions;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.MapInterfaceTest;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(
            Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(1), Suppliers.ofInstance("foo")),
            Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(1), Suppliers.ofInstance("foo")))
        .addEqualityGroup(Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(2), Suppliers.ofInstance("foo")))
        .addEqualityGroup(Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(1), Suppliers.ofInstance("bar")))
        .testEquals();
  }

    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(
            Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(1), Suppliers.ofInstance("foo")),
            Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(1), Suppliers.ofInstance("foo")))
        .addEqualityGroup(Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(2), Suppliers.ofInstance("foo")))
        .addEqualityGroup(Suppliers.compose(Functions.constant(1), Suppliers.ofInstance("bar")))
        .testEquals();
  }

Maybe you need to start a new version, or you just got tired of running it. 🤷

///

### Lifespan function { #lifespan-function }

The first thing to notice, is that we are defining an async function with `yield`. This is very similar to Dependencies with `yield`.

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial003_py39.py hl[14:19] *}

The first part of the function, before the `yield`, will be executed **before** the application starts.

Then, the arguments of the call are <i>passed</i> to the function,
which means that they are <a href="#Assignment_statements">assigned</a>
to their corresponding function parameters,
and the called function begins execution.
The return parameters of the function are passed
back to the caller when the function returns.
</p>

<p>
Calling a <code>nil</code> function value
causes a <a href="#Run_time_panics">run-time panic</a>.

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Functions;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Maps#transformValues(Map, Function)}.
 *
 * @author Isaac Shum
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked