byte[] dest = new byte[5];

        int encodedLen = encodable.encode(dest, 0);

        // Verify encoded length
        assertEquals(3, encodedLen, "Encoded length should be equal to the specified length");

        // Verify content
        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00 }, dest, "Encoded bytes should match the expected subset");
    }

    @Test

        dstOut.enc_ndr_long(1); // Non-null pointer for totalentries
        totalentries.encode(dstOut); // Encode the totalentries

        dstOut.enc_ndr_long(0); // Simulate retval

        // Use the encoded data for decoding
        NdrBuffer srcOut = new NdrBuffer(encodeBufferOut, 0);
        decodedEnumEx.decode_out(srcOut);

        assertEquals(0, decodedEnumEx.retval);
        assertEquals(info.level, decodedEnumEx.info.level);

            int encoded = lock.encode(smallBuffer, 0);

            assertEquals(24, encoded);
            assertEquals(100L, SMBUtil.readInt8(smallBuffer, 0));
            assertEquals(200L, SMBUtil.readInt8(smallBuffer, 8));
            assertEquals(1, SMBUtil.readInt4(smallBuffer, 16));
        }

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should encode consistently with various flag values")

        @DisplayName("Various flag combinations encode and parse correctly")
        void testFlagCombinations(int flags) throws Exception {
            NegTokenInit init = new NegTokenInit(new ASN1ObjectIdentifier[] { OID_KRB }, flags, null, null);

            byte[] encoded = init.toByteArray();
            NegTokenInit parsed = new NegTokenInit(encoded);

            assertEquals(flags, parsed.getContextFlags());

            int encoded = originalContext.encode(buffer, 0);
            assertEquals(2 + (2 * maxCiphers), encoded);

            EncryptionNegotiateContext decodedContext = new EncryptionNegotiateContext();
            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);
            assertArrayEquals(ciphers, decodedContext.getCiphers());

        // Encode
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
        int encoded = original.encode(buffer, 0);
        assertEquals(8, encoded);

        // Decode
        FileEndOfFileInformation decoded = new FileEndOfFileInformation();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 8);
        assertEquals(8, decodedBytes);

            byte[] largeBuffer = new byte[4096];
            int encoded = originalContext.encode(largeBuffer, 0);
            assertEquals(4 + (2 * maxAlgos) + salt.length, encoded);

            PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext decodedContext = new PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext();
            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(largeBuffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);

        assertTrue(request.size() > 0);

        // Test encoding
        byte[] buffer = new byte[request.size()];
        int encoded = request.encode(buffer, 0);
        assertEquals(request.size(), encoded);
    }

    @Test
    public void testDurableHandleV2Request() {
        DurableHandleV2Request request = new DurableHandleV2Request(120000, false);

            // Encode all contexts
            byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
            int offset = 0;
            for (CreateContextRequest context : contexts) {
                int encoded = context.encode(buffer, offset);
                assertTrue(encoded > 0);
                offset += encoded;
            }

            // Verify each context was encoded
            assertTrue(offset > 0);

        // Default constructor
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a permission string into a search role format.
     * Processes user, group, and role prefixes along with allow/deny prefixes.
     *
     * @param value the permission string to encode
     * @return the encoded permission string, or null if the input is blank or invalid
     */
    public String encode(final String value) {
        if (StringUtil.isBlank(value)) {