*
     * @return an {@link Optional} containing the list of goals, or empty if not specified
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<List<String>> goals();

    /**
     * Returns the target POM model version for upgrades.
     * Supported values include "4.0.0" and "4.1.0".
     *
     * @return an {@link Optional} containing the model version, or empty if not specified
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<String> modelVersion();

        @Test
        @DisplayName("should create empty result")
        void shouldCreateEmptyResult() {
            UpgradeResult result = UpgradeResult.empty();

            assertTrue(result.success(), "Empty result should be successful");
            assertEquals(0, result.processedCount(), "Empty result should have no processed POMs");
            assertEquals(0, result.modifiedCount(), "Empty result should have no modified POMs");

        }
    }

    /**
     * Test encode with empty byte array
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testEncode_EmptyArray() throws Exception {
        final String result = Base64Util.encode(new byte[0]);
        assertEquals("Empty array should return empty string", "", result);
    }

    /**
     * Test encode with null returns empty string
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */

 */
public class LineIterator implements Iterator<String> {

    /** String object indicating that {@link #line} is empty */
    protected static final String EMPTY = new String();

    /** {@link BufferedReader} */
    protected final BufferedReader reader;

    /** The line that has been read */
    protected String line = EMPTY;

    /**
     * Returns an {@link Iterable} that wraps a {@link LineIterator} for use in enhanced for-loops.

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Chars.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Chars.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Chars.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Chars.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Chars.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Chars.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Chars.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Doubles.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);

    }

    /**
     * Returns the bundle. Returns <code>null</code> if not found.
     *
     * @param name the resource bundle name (must not be {@literal null} or empty)
     * @param locale the locale
     * @param classLoader the class loader (must not be {@literal null} or empty)
     * @return {@link ResourceBundle}
     * @see ResourceBundle#getBundle(String, Locale, ClassLoader)
     */

     * from the collection obtained by {@link #getModelIds()}. As a special case, an empty string can be used as the
     * identifier for the super POM.
     *
     * @param modelId The identifier of the model whose active profiles should be retrieved, must not be {@code null}.
     * @return The active profiles of the model or an empty list if none or {@code null} if the specified model id does
     *         not refer to a known model.

                "Raw bytes for empty string should be empty");

        byte[] emptyBytes = new byte[0];
        AvTargetName avTargetNameFromBytes = new AvTargetName(emptyBytes);
        assertEquals(emptyString, avTargetNameFromBytes.getTargetName(),
                "Empty string should be handled correctly from raw bytes constructor");

     * Sets a converter for dates.
     *
     * @param pattern
     *            The date pattern. Must not be {@literal null} or an empty string.
     * @param propertyNames
     *            The property names to which this converter will be applied. Each element must not be {@literal null} or an empty string.
     * @return This instance itself
     * @see DateConverter
     */