## Technical Details { #technical-details }

Just a technical detail for the curious nerds. 🤓

Underneath, in the ASGI technical specification, this is part of the [Lifespan Protocol](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html), and it defines events called `startup` and `shutdown`.

/// info

You can read more about the Starlette `lifespan` handlers in [Starlette's  Lifespan' docs](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/).

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7:11,34:51] *}

/// tip | Tipp

Der Query-Parameter `callback_url` verwendet einen Pydantic-[Url](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/)-Typ.

///

Das einzig Neue ist `callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes` als Argument für den *Pfadoperation-Dekorator*. Wir werden als Nächstes sehen, was das ist.

## Detalhes técnicos { #technical-details }

Apenas um detalhe técnico para nerds curiosos. 🤓

Por baixo, na especificação técnica do ASGI, isso é parte do [Protocolo Lifespan](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html), e define eventos chamados `startup` e `shutdown`.

/// info | Informação

- 編輯器支援（自動完成等），即使是巢狀模型
- 資料轉換
- 資料驗證
- 自動產生文件

## 特殊型別與驗證 { #special-types-and-validation }

除了 `str`、`int`、`float` 等一般的單一型別外，你也可以使用繼承自 `str` 的更複雜單一型別。

若要查看所有可用選項，請參閱 [Pydantic 的型別總覽](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/)。你會在下一章看到一些範例。

例如，在 `Image` 模型中有一個 `url` 欄位，我們可以將其宣告為 Pydantic 的 `HttpUrl`，而不是 `str`：

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py hl[2,8] *}

import org.gradle.api.tasks.UntrackedTask
import org.gradle.util.GradleVersion
import org.gradle.util.internal.VersionNumber
import org.jetbrains.annotations.VisibleForTesting
import org.jsoup.Jsoup

/**
 * Fetch the latest AGP versions and write a properties file.
 * Never up-to-date, non-cacheable.
 *
 * AGP major versions are aligned with Gradle major versions.
 * IOW, AGP X.y officially only supports Gradle X.z.
 *

        return getExecutionPlanItems().iterator();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the last ExecutionPlanItem in the supplied phase. If no items are in the specified phase,
     * the closest executionPlanItem from an earlier phase item will be returned.
     *
     * @param requestedPhase the requested phase
     *                       The execution plan item

Bunu, `Annotated` içinde [Pydantic’in `AfterValidator`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-after-validator)’ını kullanarak yapabilirsiniz.

/// tip | İpucu

Pydantic’te [`BeforeValidator`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-before-validator) ve başka validator’lar da vardır. 🤓

///

    for (n = len; n < size - n; n <<= 1) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, array, n, n);
    }
    System.arraycopy(array, 0, array, n, size - n);
    return new String(array);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the longest string {@code prefix} such that {@code a.toString().startsWith(prefix) &&
   * b.toString().startsWith(prefix)}, taking care not to split surrogate pairs. If {@code a} and
   * {@code b} have no common prefix, returns the empty string.

## Technische Details { #technical-details }

Nur ein technisches Detail für die neugierigen Nerds. 🤓

In der technischen ASGI-Spezifikation ist dies Teil des [Lifespan Protokolls](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html) und definiert Events namens `startup` und `shutdown`.

/// info | Info

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7:11,34:51] *}

/// tip | Consejo

El parámetro de query `callback_url` utiliza un tipo [Url](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/) de Pydantic.

///

Lo único nuevo es `callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes` como un argumento para el *decorador de path operation*. Veremos qué es eso a continuación.