app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

`Optional[EenType]` is eigenlijk een snelkoppeling voor `Union[EenType, None]`, ze zijn equivalent.

Dit betekent ook dat je in Python 3.10 `EenType | None` kunt gebruiken:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}

// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//

// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//

```Python
print(user_dict)
```

bekommen wir ein Python-`dict`:

```Python
{
    'username': 'john',
    'password': 'secret',
    'email': '******@****.***',
    'full_name': None,
}
```

#### Ein `dict` entpacken

)

// loadAPIRequestsHTTPMetrics - reads S3 HTTP metrics.
//
// This is a `MetricsLoaderFn`.
//
// This includes node level S3 HTTP metrics.
//
// This function currently ignores `opts`.
func loadAPIRequestsHTTPMetrics(ctx context.Context, m MetricValues, _ *metricsCache) error {
	// Collect node level S3 HTTP metrics.
	httpStats := globalHTTPStats.toServerHTTPStats(false)

// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//

Par exemple, pour déclarer une autre réponse avec un code HTTP `404` et un modèle Pydantic `Message`, vous pouvez écrire :

{* ../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py hl[18,22] *}

/// note | Remarque

Gardez à l'esprit que vous devez renvoyer directement `JSONResponse`.

///

/// info

La clé `model` ne fait pas partie d'OpenAPI.

パラメータは`Query`と同じものを宣言することができます。

例えば、パスパラメータ`item_id`に対して`title`のメタデータを宣言するには以下のようにします:

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py hl[8] *}

/// note | 備考

パスの一部でなければならないので、パスパラメータは常に必須です。

そのため、`...`を使用して必須と示す必要があります。

それでも、`None`で宣言しても、デフォルト値を設定しても、何の影響もなく、常に必要とされていることに変わりはありません。

///

## 必要に応じてパラメータを並び替える

クエリパラメータ`q`を必須の`str`として宣言したいとしましょう。

また、このパラメータには何も宣言する必要がないので、`Query`を使う必要はありません。

yourself.'

  The baby grunted again, and Alice looked very anxiously into
its face to see what was the matter with it.  There could be no
doubt that it had a VERY turn-up nose, much more like a snout
than a real nose; also its eyes were getting extremely small for
a baby:  altogether Alice did not like the look of the thing at
all.  `But perhaps it was only sobbing,' she thought, and looked