up **your own deployment system** while taking care of the other deployment concepts yourself.

Check out the next chapter to learn about **FastAPI** with containers (e.g. Docker and Kubernetes). You will see that those tools have simple ways to solve the other **deployment concepts** as well. ✨...

    - Un fichier stocké en mémoire jusqu'à une taille maximale, puis, au-delà de cette limite, stocké sur le disque.
- Cela fonctionne donc bien pour des fichiers volumineux comme des images, des vidéos, de gros binaires, etc., sans consommer toute la mémoire.
- Vous pouvez obtenir des métadonnées à partir du fichier téléversé.
- Il offre une interface `async` de type [file-like](https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object).

 *
 * <p>The {@link #get}, {@link #removeAll}, and {@link #replaceValues} methods each return a {@link
 * Set} of values, while {@link #entries} returns a {@code Set} of map entries. Though the method
 * signature doesn't say so explicitly, the map returned by {@link #asMap} has {@code Set} values.
 *
 * <p>If the values corresponding to a single key should be ordered according to a {@link

 *
 * <p>The {@link #get}, {@link #removeAll}, and {@link #replaceValues} methods each return a {@link
 * Set} of values, while {@link #entries} returns a {@code Set} of map entries. Though the method
 * signature doesn't say so explicitly, the map returned by {@link #asMap} has {@code Set} values.
 *
 * <p>If the values corresponding to a single key should be ordered according to a {@link

    SignerType: 1
  }
}
```

### Using MinIO Console

- Open MinIO URL on the browser, lets say <http://localhost:9000/>
- Click on `Login with SSO`
- User will be redirected to the Casdoor user login page, upon successful login the user will be redirected to MinIO page and logged in automatically,

    @Mock
    SmbFileHandleImpl mockHandle;

    @Mock
    Configuration mockConfig;

    private SmbFileInputStream newStream() throws SmbException {
        // Constructor that avoids external I/O; stays in-memory
        when(mockTree.isSMB2()).thenReturn(true); // default SMB2 for simple happy-path
        return new SmbFileInputStream(mockFile, mockTree, mockHandle);
    }

    @BeforeEach

	AmzTagCount      = "x-amz-tagging-count"
	AmzTagDirective  = "X-Amz-Tagging-Directive"

	// S3 transition restore
	AmzRestore            = "x-amz-restore"
	AmzRestoreExpiryDays  = "X-Amz-Restore-Expiry-Days"
	AmzRestoreRequestDate = "X-Amz-Restore-Request-Date"
	AmzRestoreOutputPath  = "x-amz-restore-output-path"

	// S3 extensions
	AmzCopySourceIfModifiedSince   = "x-amz-copy-source-if-modified-since"

And it can also be used by yourself, to debug, check and test the same application.

## The `password` flow { #the-password-flow }

Now let's go back a bit and understand what is all that.

The `password` "flow" is one of the ways ("flows") defined in OAuth2, to handle security and authentication.

OAuth2 was designed so that the backend or API could be independent of the server that authenticates the user.

/// info

Dans la fonction `open()`, le `mode="a"` signifie « append » (ajouter) ; la ligne sera donc ajoutée après ce qui se trouve déjà dans ce fichier, sans écraser le contenu précédent.

///

/// tip | Astuce

Notez que dans ce cas, nous utilisons une fonction Python standard `open()` qui interagit avec un fichier.

    //      last modified: 105 days ago
    //             served:   5 days ago
    //   default lifetime: (105 - 5) / 10 = 10 days
    //            expires:  10 days from served date = 5 days from now
    server.enqueue(
      MockResponse
        .Builder()
        .addHeader("Last-Modified: " + formatDate(-105, TimeUnit.DAYS))
        .addHeader("Date: " + formatDate(-5, TimeUnit.DAYS))