ops     fileOps
			wantCnt int64
			wantErr error
		}
		testRemaining struct { // logicalRemaining() == wantLCnt, physicalRemaining() == wantPCnt
			wantLCnt int64
			wantPCnt int64
		}
		testFnc any // testRead | testWriteTo | testRemaining
	)

	type (
		makeReg struct {
			str  string
			size int64
		}
		makeSparse struct {
			makeReg makeReg

}

// Test the predicted part size from the part index
func TestGetPartSizeFromIdx(t *testing.T) {
	// Create test cases
	testCases := []struct {
		totalSize    int64
		partSize     int64
		partIndex    int
		expectedSize int64
	}{
		// Total size is zero
		{0, 10, 1, 0},
		// part size 2MiB, total size 4MiB
		{4 * humanize.MiByte, 2 * humanize.MiByte, 1, 2 * humanize.MiByte},

	bts := make([]byte, 0, v.Msgsize())
	bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	}
}

func BenchmarkUnmarshalServerSystemConfig(b *testing.B) {
	v := ServerSystemConfig{}
	bts, _ := v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

	bts := make([]byte, 0, v.Msgsize())
	bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	}
}

func BenchmarkUnmarshalBucketMetadata(b *testing.B) {
	v := BucketMetadata{}
	bts, _ := v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

func HardLimitReader(r io.Reader, n int64) io.Reader { return &HardLimitedReader{r, n} }

// A HardLimitedReader reads from R but limits the amount of
// data returned to just N bytes. Each call to Read
// updates N to reflect the new amount remaining.
// Read returns EOF when N <= 0 or when the underlying R returns EOF.
type HardLimitedReader struct {
	R io.Reader // underlying reader
	N int64     // max bytes remaining
}

		f.ops[0] = s[len(b):]
	} else {
		f.ops = f.ops[1:]
	}
	f.pos += int64(len(b))
	return len(b), nil
}

func (f *testFile) Seek(pos int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
	if pos == 0 && whence == io.SeekCurrent {
		return f.pos, nil
	}
	if len(f.ops) == 0 {
		return 0, errors.New("unexpected Seek operation")
	}
	s, ok := f.ops[0].(int64)
	if !ok {
		return 0, errors.New("unexpected Seek operation")
	}

		t.Fatalf("failed to create from map, got error %v", err)
	}

	var idVal int64
	_, ok := mapValue1["id"].(uint)
	if ok {
		t.Skipf("This test case skipped, because the db supports returning")
	}

	idVal, ok = mapValue1["id"].(int64)
	if !ok {
		t.Fatal("ret result missing id")
	}

	if int64(result1.ID) != idVal {
		t.Fatal("failed to create data from map with table, @id != id")
	}

type WarmBackendGetOpts struct {
	startOffset int64
	length      int64
}

// WarmBackend provides interface to be implemented by remote tier backends
type WarmBackend interface {
	Put(ctx context.Context, object string, r io.Reader, length int64) (remoteVersionID, error)
	PutWithMeta(ctx context.Context, object string, r io.Reader, length int64, meta map[string]string) (remoteVersionID, error)

			timeToResponse  time.Duration
			timeToFirstByte time.Duration
			outputBytes     int64 = -1 // -1: unknown output bytes
			headerBytes     int64
		)

		tc, ok := r.Context().Value(mcontext.ContextTraceKey).(*mcontext.TraceCtxt)
		if ok {
			statusCode = tc.ResponseRecorder.StatusCode
			outputBytes = int64(tc.ResponseRecorder.Size())
			headerBytes = int64(tc.ResponseRecorder.HeaderSize())

func TestParseCopyPartRangeSpec(t *testing.T) {
	// Test success cases.
	successCases := []struct {
		rangeString string
		offsetBegin int64
		offsetEnd   int64
	}{
		{"bytes=2-5", 2, 5},
		{"bytes=2-9", 2, 9},
		{"bytes=2-2", 2, 2},
		{"bytes=0000-0006", 0, 6},
	}
	objectSize := int64(10)

	for _, successCase := range successCases {
		rs, err := parseCopyPartRangeSpec(successCase.rangeString)
		if err != nil {