What inspired **FastAPI**, how it compares to alternatives and what it learned from them.

## Intro { #intro }

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.

                "tearDownTwo should have been run before tearDownOne", false, tearDownOne.ran);
          }
        };

    SimpleTearDown tearDownTwo = new SimpleTearDown(callback);
    stack.addTearDown(tearDownTwo);

    assertEquals(false, tearDownOne.ran);
    assertEquals(false, tearDownTwo.ran);

    stack.runTearDown();

    assertEquals("tearDownOne should have run", true, tearDownOne.ran);

* It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`.
* And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[14:16,19:20,26:30] *}

There are 2 main differences from a normal *path operation*:

        }

        int have = this.handle.sendrecv(buf, off, length, inB, getMaxRecv());

        final int fraglen = Encdec.dec_uint16le(inB, 8);
        if (fraglen > getMaxRecv()) {
            throw new IOException("Unexpected fragment length: " + fraglen);
        }

        while (have < fraglen) {
            final int r = this.handle.recv(inB, have, fraglen - have);
            if (r == 0) {

  /*
   * Ideally, this class would have exposed only constructors that require a non-null cause. See
   * https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify-reference-checker/blob/61aafa4ae52594830cfc2d61c8b113009dbdb045/src/main/java/com/google/jspecify/nullness/NullSpecTransfer.java#L789
   * and https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify/issues/490.
   *
   * (That would also have ensured that its cause was always an Error, rather than possibly another

That's why the current versions are still `0.x.x`, this reflects that each version could potentially have breaking changes. This follows the <a href="https://semver.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Semantic Versioning</a> conventions.

You can create production applications with **FastAPI** right now (and you have probably been doing it for some time), you just have to make sure that you use a version that works correctly with the rest of your code.

Let's say you have a file structure as described in [Bigger Applications](bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:

```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── main.py
```

In the file `main.py` you have your **FastAPI** app:


{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_a_py39/main.py *}

### Testing file { #testing-file }

}

// Read - reads single record.
// Once Read is called the previous record should no longer be referenced.
func (r *PReader) Read(dst sql.Record) (sql.Record, error) {
	// If we have have any records left, return these before any error.
	for len(r.current) <= r.recordsRead {
		if r.err != nil {
			return nil, r.err
		}
		// Move to next block
		item, ok := <-r.queue
		if !ok {
			r.err = io.EOF

            "tax": None,
        },
        "user": {"username": "Dave", "full_name": None},
        "q": "somequery",
    }


def test_put_only_required(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={
            "importance": 2,
            "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5},
            "user": {"username": "Dave"},
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200

Notice that the default value is still `None`, so the parameter is still optional.

But now, having `Query(max_length=50)` inside of `Annotated`, we are telling FastAPI that we want it to have **additional validation** for this value, we want it to have maximum 50 characters. 😎

/// tip